摘要:玩具是兒童攝入環(huán)境污染物的重要污染源。玩具的材質(zhì)和再生塑料的使用可能對(duì)玩具中重金屬等污染物的含量有較大影響，但這一問題尚未引起廣泛關(guān)注。本研究檢測(cè)了232個(gè)兒童玩具中的重金屬濃度并討論玩具中重金屬的污染模式，意在探明兒童玩具中重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀并為兒童玩具的安全管理提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。Al、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的總濃度分別為未檢出（nd）～333 000、nd～206 000、nd～1 140、nd～2 610、nd～10 100、nd～798 000、nd～316 000、nd～3 350、nd～4 210和nd～1 450 000 ng·g-1，均未超過歐盟安全限值。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)毛絨和木質(zhì)玩具中重金屬檢出率高于硬塑料和軟塑料玩具。在泡沫玩具中，聚乙烯類（PE）產(chǎn)品中Cd和Mn的污染水平高于聚丙烯（PP）和聚氨酯（PU）。51%的硬塑料玩具為再生塑料材質(zhì)。PP類再生塑料玩具中多種重金屬的含量高于非再生塑料玩具，但不具有顯著差異。兒童玩具中的重金屬風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)均<1，說明上述玩具對(duì)兒童造成的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平較低。PP類再生塑料玩具帶來的潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)需要關(guān)注。

關(guān)鍵詞:重金屬 / 玩具 / 再生塑料 / 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

Abstract:Toy is an important exposure source for contaminants in children. A total of 232 toys were tested for concentrations of heavy metals, in order to explore the contamination status of heavy metals in toys, and to provide baseline data for the safety management of children's toys. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were not detectable (nd)~333 000, nd~206 000, nd~1 140, nd~2 610, nd~10 100, nd~798 000, nd~316 000, nd~3 350, nd~4 210, and nd~1 450 000 ng·g-1, respectively. All samples had metal concentrations lower than the European Union Directive Limits. Polyethylene (PE) toys had higher levels of Cd and Mn than poly propylene (PP) and polyurethane (PU) toys. Recycled plastics were identified in 51% of hard plastic toys. Higher levels of certain metals were observed in recycled polypropylene toys than non-recycled samples, but no significant difference was found. The hazard index values of metals in risk assessment were all less than 1, indicating that the toys pose low potential risks to children. The potential health risks derived from recycled polypropylene toys deserved attention.

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