中國(guó)某些地區(qū)不同類型茶葉中有毒金屬的檢測(cè)：空間污染特征和潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

摘要

茶是世界上最受歡迎的飲料之一，但茶中的有毒金屬可能威脅人體健康。在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)，茶葉中有毒金屬的污染狀況尚不清楚。在這里，我們檢測(cè)了中國(guó)22個(gè)省收集的茶葉中的鎘(Cd)和砷(As)濃度。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)中國(guó)茶葉樣品中Cd和As的平均濃度分別為1.163和0.485 mg/kg;鎘含量超過(guò)中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(NY 659-2003)，但砷含量未超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Cd和As的平均濃度南部和西部地區(qū)分別為5.730、0.071和0.510、0.580 mg/kg，東部和北部地區(qū)分別為0.203、0.040和0.455、0.463。Cd在苦鼎茶中含量最高，為21.98 mg/kg; As在茉莉花茶中含量最高，為0.76 mg/kg。(2)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示，鎘和砷的目標(biāo)危害商分別為0.1989和0.1432?？偽：χ笖?shù)為0.3421，患癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為8.949 × 10-4。(3)主成分分析表明，西部和南部地區(qū)Cd污染較高，可能與礦區(qū)開(kāi)采活動(dòng)有關(guān)。這是中國(guó)首次在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)對(duì)茶葉中的有毒金屬鎘和砷進(jìn)行調(diào)查。我們的研究結(jié)果為確保茶葉生產(chǎn)的質(zhì)量和安全提供了有益的參考，并建議需要對(duì)茶葉中的有毒金屬進(jìn)行持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)，以限制超過(guò)允許限度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

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Toxic Metal Detection in Various Types of Tea from Certain Regions of China: Spatial Pollution Characteristics and Potential Health Risk Assessment

Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, but toxic metals in tea could threaten human health. The toxic metal pollution status of tea in China at a national level remains unclear. Here, we detected the cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) concentrations of tea collected from 22 provinces in China. The major points are the following: (1) average concentrations of Cd and As of tea samples in China were 1.163 and 0.485 mg/kg, respectively; the Cd but not As levels exceeded the standards from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (NY 659-2003). Cd and As average concentrations were higher in the Southern and Western regions at 5.730, 0.071 and 0.510, 0.580 mg/kg, respectively, compared with the Eastern and Northern regions at 0.203, 0.040 and 0.455, 0.463, respectively. The concentration of Cd was highest in kuding tea at 21.98 mg/kg, whereas the As concentration was highest in jasmine tea at 0.76 mg/kg. (2) The health risk assessment yielded target hazard quotients for Cd and As of 0.1989 and 0.1432, respectively. The total hazard index was 0.3421, and the cancer risk was 8.949 × 10–4. (3) The principal component analysis revealed higher Cd pollution in the Western and Southern areas, which may be related to mining activities. This is the first national-scale investigation of the toxic metals Cd and As in tea across China. Our findings provide a useful reference for ensuring the quality and safety of tea production and suggest the need for constant monitoring of toxic metals in tea to limit the risk of exceeding permitted limits.

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