首頁資訊番石榴的果實(shí)、種子和葉：特性、用途和健康益處

番石榴的果實(shí)、種子和葉：特性、用途和健康益處

來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2024年12月25日 08:36

番石榴的果實(shí)、種子和葉：特性、用途和健康益處

Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli, Divanilde Guerra, Elisa dos Santos Pereira, Juliana da Rocha Vinholes, Taiane Mota Camargo, Sergio Francisco Schwarz, Magnólia Aparecida Silva da Silva, Márcia Vizzotto, Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze, Leonardo Nora

摘要

本地果樹具有用于食品和制藥業(yè)的潛力，在民間醫(yī)藥中被廣泛使用。Guabiju，又名 guabijuzeiro（Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand），是一種多年生喬木，屬于桃金娘科，分布于巴西圣保羅到南里奧格蘭德州，以及烏拉圭、玻利維亞、巴拉圭和阿根廷等其他國家。該物種在鮮果消費(fèi)或工業(yè)化方面具有巨大的商業(yè)潛力。鑒于其重要性，有必要對其特征（表型、繁殖、生殖、化學(xué)和營養(yǎng)）、用途和應(yīng)用開展研究。然而，現(xiàn)有的信息從未系統(tǒng)化，因此，本綜述的目的是匯編有關(guān)該物種的信息，以指導(dǎo)進(jìn)一步的研究。在形態(tài)方面，瓜比壽斯羅是一種半落葉喬木，主要通過種子和無性繁殖進(jìn)行繁殖。在繁殖方面，缺乏對繁殖方式進(jìn)行評估的研究。果實(shí)可以新鮮食用，也可以加工成冰淇淋、果汁、凍干或脫水。它甜而微酸，熱量低，富含碳水化合物、必需脂肪酸、鈣和鉀。果實(shí)、種子和葉子都含有大量生物活性化合物和高抗氧化能力。果肉中的類胡蘿卜素和酚類化合物含量很高，果皮富含花青素，尤其是在成熟期，此外還有萜類化合物。M. pungens 具有抗菌作用和胃保護(hù)活性，在預(yù)防神經(jīng)退行性疾病和對抗順鉑（一種抗癌劑）的副作用方面很有前景。最后，還需要對這一物種進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究，主要是葉片的特征、果實(shí)的用途和應(yīng)用。

本文章由計(jì)算機(jī)程序翻譯，如有差異，請以英文原文為準(zhǔn)。

Fruits, seeds and leaves of guabijuzeiro (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand): characteristics, uses and health benefits

Native fruit trees have potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries, which is widely used in folk medicine. Guabiju, known as guabijuzeiro (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand) is a perennial tree that belongs to the family Myrtaceae, occurring in Brazil from S?o Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, and other countries like Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. This species demonstrates great commercial potential regarding the consumption of its fresh fruit or industrialized. Due to its importance is necessary to develop studies aimed at characterization (phenotypic, propagative, reproductive, chemical and nutritional), uses and applications. However, the available information has never been systematized and in this sense the objective of this review is to compile information about the species to guide further research. Regarding morphology, the guabijuzeiro is a semi-deciduous tree species, with propagation is carried out mainly through seeds and vegetative. Regarding reproductive aspects, there is a lack of studies that assess the mode of reproduction. The fruit can be consumed fresh or processed as ice cream, juice, freeze-dried or dehydrated. It is sweet and slightly acidic, low in calories, high in carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, calcium and potassium. Both the fruit, the seed and the leaves have high levels of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity. The fruit pulp stands out for its carotenoids and phenolic compounds and the peel is rich in anthocyanins, especially in the mature phase, in addition to terpenoids. M. pungens has antimicrobial effects, gastroprotective activity and is promising in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and against the side effects of cisplatin, an anticancer agent. Finally, there is a need for further studies with this species, mainly in the characterization of the leaves, uses and applications of the fruit.

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