摘要：

目的 調(diào)查產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)褥期健康管理（puerperal health management,PHM）期望與感知現(xiàn)狀并進(jìn)行分析,為優(yōu)化PHM服務(wù)提供參考。 方法 2019年4月—6月,采用自行編制的“PHM期望與感知現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查問卷”對(duì)北京市某醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科門診產(chǎn)后復(fù)查的產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)行調(diào)查。該調(diào)查問卷包括產(chǎn)婦身心恢復(fù)、嬰兒照顧、社會(huì)支持及產(chǎn)婦期待的健康管理方式4個(gè)維度,共21個(gè)條目;量表的Cronbach’s α系數(shù)為0.937,KMO值為0.730,共提取6個(gè)公因子,累計(jì)解釋76.9%的變異。 結(jié)果 共調(diào)查699名產(chǎn)褥期產(chǎn)婦,19項(xiàng)PHM服務(wù)中,除妊娠期糖尿病產(chǎn)婦的血糖、妊娠期高血壓產(chǎn)婦的血壓監(jiān)測(cè)指導(dǎo)及糖尿病、乙肝等產(chǎn)婦的母乳喂養(yǎng)指導(dǎo)2項(xiàng)外,其余各項(xiàng)服務(wù)的產(chǎn)婦期望與感知現(xiàn)狀間均有差異（P<0.001）。嬰兒常見疾病預(yù)防、觀察與護(hù)理知識(shí),嬰兒撫觸指導(dǎo),母乳喂養(yǎng)指導(dǎo),產(chǎn)后體重管理,日常嬰兒養(yǎng)育技能評(píng)估與指導(dǎo),產(chǎn)后用藥指導(dǎo)6項(xiàng)PHM服務(wù)的產(chǎn)婦期望與感知現(xiàn)狀差距較大。 結(jié)論 產(chǎn)婦PHM期望與感知現(xiàn)狀間存在差距,建議相關(guān)部門加大對(duì)PHM服務(wù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入,強(qiáng)化質(zhì)量監(jiān)管,社區(qū)醫(yī)護(hù)人員也應(yīng)不斷提升自身業(yè)務(wù)能力,以滿足產(chǎn)婦不斷提高的需求。

關(guān)鍵詞: 產(chǎn)褥期, 健康管理, 期望, 感知現(xiàn)狀, 產(chǎn)科護(hù)理

Abstract:

Objective To explore and analyze expectations and perceptions of puerperal health management（PHM）,so as to provide references for optimizing PHM services. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in an obstetrics clinic of a hospital in Beijing from April to June 2019,using a self-designed questionnaire on the puerperae’s expectations and perceived status of PHM services. The questionnaire included 4 dimensions,namely maternal physical and mental recovery,infant care,social support and approaches of PHM. The Cronbach’s α value of the questionnaire is 0.937,and the KMO is 0.730. 6 common factors were extracted,and the cumulative interpretation of variation was 76.9%. Results A total of 699 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 19 PHM services,except blood glucose and blood pressure monitoring for mothers and breastfeeding guidance for mothers with diseases,the differences between expectations and perceived status of other services had statistical significance（all P<0.001）. There was a significant gap between expectations and perceived status of PHM in 6 services,namely knowledge of common diseases in infants,infant touch guidance,breastfeeding guidance,postpartum weight management,guidance of infant rearing skills,postpartum medication guidance. Conclusion There was a significant gap between PHM expectations and perceived status. It is suggested that relevant departments should increase investment in PHM and strengthen supervision of its quality. Community health workers should also continuously improve their ability,understand the high expectations of PHM,and help to improve the quality of PHM services.

Key words: Puerperium, Health Management, Expectation, Perceived Status, Obstetrical Nursing

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