摘要:

睡眠障礙嚴(yán)重影響人們的身心健康，已成為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人們普遍關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。研究表明，急性運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)和長(zhǎng)期規(guī)律性運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)均可改善紊亂的睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)，使各期睡眠時(shí)長(zhǎng)和比例趨于正常。運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)還能對(duì)睡眠期間的內(nèi)分泌功能、代謝功能、免疫應(yīng)答、自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和心臟功能產(chǎn)生積極影響，是改善睡眠障礙的一種非藥物治療手段。運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)的類型（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)、抗阻運(yùn)動(dòng)、身心運(yùn)動(dòng)）是運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)方案的調(diào)節(jié)變量之一，不同類型的運(yùn)動(dòng)改善睡眠障礙的機(jī)制存在差異。運(yùn)動(dòng)量、運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度是運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)方案的另一調(diào)節(jié)變量，針對(duì)個(gè)體可能存在改善睡眠障礙最佳的運(yùn)動(dòng)量和運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。在不同時(shí)間段實(shí)施的運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)也會(huì)對(duì)睡眠障礙造成不同程度的影響，目前在改善睡眠質(zhì)量最佳運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間段方面尚未形成共識(shí)。本文從表觀遺傳、過(guò)度覺(jué)醒、晝夜節(jié)律、體溫調(diào)節(jié)等4個(gè)方面總結(jié)了運(yùn)動(dòng)改善睡眠障礙的作用機(jī)制，并討論了目前該領(lǐng)域的研究不足和研究展望，為睡眠障礙運(yùn)動(dòng)處方的制定提供理論依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)  /  睡眠障礙  /  機(jī)制  /  綜述  

Abstract:

Sleep disorders, a common concern in modern society, seriously affect people's physical and mental health. Reported findings suggest that both acute exercise intervention and long-term regular exercise intervention can improve the disrupted sleep structure and normalize the duration and proportion of the different phases of sleep. Moreover, exercise intervention has a positive effect on the endocrine functions, the metabolic functions, the immune response, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiac functions during sleep. It is a non-medicative therapeutic strategy for improving sleep disorders. The specific type of exercise intervention (aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or meditative movement) adopted is one of the moderating variables of exercise intervention programs. Different types of exercise improve sleep disorders by way of different mechanisms. Exercise volume and intensity are another moderating variable of exercise intervention programs. The optimal amount and intensity of exercise for different individuals to improve sleep disorders may vary. Exercise interventions implemented at the different times throughout a day can also have varying degrees of impact on sleep disorders and there is no consensus on the optimal exercise time for improving sleep quality at present. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms by which exercise intervention improves sleep disorders from four perspectives, including epigenetics, hyperarousal, human circadian rhythm, and body temperature regulation. In addition, we discussed the current gaps and prospects of research in this field, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of exercise prescriptions for sleep disorders.

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