1、功能性食品工藝設(shè)計(jì)一、功能食品的定義我國定義：功能食品是指具有營養(yǎng)功能、感覺功能和調(diào)節(jié)生理活 動(dòng)功能的食品。通過查找相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，查閱功能食品的定義：The term Fun cti onal Foods was first in troduced in Japa n in the mid-1980s as processed foods containing components that provide specific body functions , when the JapaneseMinistry of Health & Welfare was hoping to improve the health of the Japanese ageing populati on and reduce escalati ng health-care costs (Arai, 1996).功能性 食品這個(gè)術(shù)語第一次被提出是在八十年代中期的日本，被認(rèn)為是一類包含著能夠提供特定生理功能因子的精加工食品”Globally, Fun cti onal Food is not a legal ter

2、m and there arevarious ways to define it.在全球，功能性食品不是一個(gè)法定的術(shù) 語。In Japan, the Functional Foods are known as Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU), and are regarded as in flue ncing huma n body structure and ?or function by regulating particular human health con ditio ns (Ohama et al., 2006).在日本，功能性食品被認(rèn)為是指一類 可以提供特定健康功能的食品，并且它通過調(diào)節(jié)人類特別的健康狀況 影響著人類的身體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。Health Canada defines a Functional Food as similar inappeara nceto a conven tio nal food, con sumed as part of the usual diet, with dem on strated p

3、hysiological ben efits, and 0r reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions(Health Canada加拿大衛(wèi)生部定義功能性食品是在 外形上和普通食品相似，作為正常飲食的一部分被消費(fèi)，提供生理學(xué) 方面的有利因素，同時(shí)比普通的營養(yǎng)品更有利于減少慢性疾病的的發(fā) 生的一類食品。In Korea, Fun cti onal Foods are referred to suppleme nts to the normal diet with measurable doses (Kimet al., 2006)在韓國，功能性 食品被提及到是用來為正常飲食提供營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充的食品，并且其營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充功能是可以被測量到的。In the United States, Functional Foods have no such regulatory ide ntity, although in 1999, the America n Dietetic Associati on termed

4、Functional Foods as foods that are in the forms of whole,fortified, en riched or enhan ced foods that provide fun cti onal adva ntage and or health ben efits bey ond basic nu triti on, whe n con sumed at an effective level on a regular basis (American Dietetic Association, 1999)在美國，功能性食品沒有如此一致性的定義，但是在 1999年，美國飲食 協(xié)會(huì)定義功能性食品是一類以全面的、強(qiáng)化的、豐富的或者增 強(qiáng)型食品的方式存在，并且能夠提供有益功能的食品，比普通營養(yǎng)品 更有益健康，同時(shí)其消費(fèi)量比普通水平更高。China defined a functional food as a food that is suitable for con sumptio n by special groups of people, a

5、nd has special health fun cti ons of regulating human body functions but is not used for therapeutic purposes (Ministry of Heath, 1996).中國定義功能性食品是一類適 合于特殊人群消費(fèi)的，有特定健康功能的，能夠調(diào)節(jié)人體生理功能的 食品，但是不以治療為目的。In Europe, there has bee n no legal defi niti on for fun cti onal foods, and a work ing defi niti on of fun cti onal food is proposed as a food that beneficially affects one or more target functions in the body beyond adequate nu triti onal effects in a way that is releva nt to either an improved state of

6、 health and wellbe ing and 0r reducti on of risk of disease, and it is con sumed as part of a no rmal food patter n (not a pill, a capsule or any form of dietary supplement) (European Commission, 2010)在歐洲， 對于功能性食品來說，沒有法定的定義，一個(gè)功能方面的定義被提出：“是一類對人體某個(gè)或某些身體指標(biāo)功能產(chǎn)生有益影響的食品，在某種程度上，其有益影響超出了適當(dāng)營養(yǎng)品的影響。 它不僅用來提高身 體狀況，還可以減少疾病的發(fā)生。它被當(dāng)做普通商品的形式被消費(fèi)(不 是藥片，不是膠囊也不是其它形式的營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑)。二、功能食品的特征Fun cti onal foods, with their syn ergistic health ben efits that go bey ond just being a source of in dividual nu trie nts, prese nt cha

7、lle nges to the traditi on al nu triti on view of foods.A successful fun cti onal foodmust offer nu trie nts, specific health promoti ng fun cti on ality and desirable sen sory attributes.Attempts to in crease the in take of desirable bioactive compounds are driven by the need to deliver optimal bioactivity to con sumers for disease preve nti on and health enhan ceme 功.能食品是一 種有益于健康的食品，其健康協(xié)同作用高于單一來源的營養(yǎng)品，對傳統(tǒng)的營養(yǎng)性食品形成挑戰(zhàn)。一種成功的功能食品必須提供營養(yǎng)功能、 特定的健康促進(jìn)功能和人們需求的感覺功能。在疾病預(yù)防和健康促進(jìn) 方面，人們對最佳生物活性因子的需求的增加驅(qū)使功能食品不斷提供

8、 有益于吸收的理想的生物活性化合物。三、功能食品的定位Today foods are not intended to only satisfy hunger and to provide necessary nutrients for humans but also to prevent nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-be ing of the con sumers .In this regard, fun cti onal foods play an outsta nding role. The in creas ing dema nd on such foods can be expla ined by the in creas ing cost of healthcare, the steady in crease in life expecta ncy, and the desire of older people for improved quality of their lat

9、er Y ears.如今，食品不僅是為了滿足饑餓和提供人類所 必須的營養(yǎng)素，而且是為了去阻止?fàn)I養(yǎng)方面的疾病同時(shí)提高人們 的物質(zhì)和精神方面的需要。在這種程度上，功能食品就扮演了一個(gè)接觸的角色。這種食品需求量的增加可以解釋為，人們對于醫(yī)療保健的消費(fèi)的增加，對于穩(wěn)定生活期待性的增加以及老人對于晚年生活質(zhì)量提高的渴望。以上三個(gè)問題參考的文獻(xiàn)如下:1 lndustry-Relevant Approaches for Minimising the Bitterness ofBioactive Compo unds in Fun cti onal Foods: A Review2 F un cti onalfood productdevelopme nt-Opport un itiesandchallenges for food manufacturers3 F un cti onal food. Product developme nt, market ing and con sumer accepta nee A review4 Hydrogels from Biopolymer Hybrid for Biomedical, Food, andFun cti onal Food Applicati ons5 Worldwide con sumpti on of fun cti onal foods:a systematic review6 Satellite Symposium: Industry and academic partnerships for develop ing health-improv ing products7 Seaweeds:A susta in able fun cti onal food for compleme ntary and alter native therapy8 High-Value Comp onents and

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