摘要：

在集約化種植和經(jīng)濟效益的驅動下,連作在中國已經(jīng)成了較為普遍的種植模式,即年復一年地在田間種植單一作物。長期的連作導致了病蟲害嚴重、產(chǎn)量低下、土壤健康狀況降低等諸多問題。輪作是有效解決連作障礙的方法之一,在國家糧食安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)展以及鄉(xiāng)村振興等戰(zhàn)略實施中有著至關重要的作用。本研究通過文獻檢索,利用對比分析法,進行文獻綜述,闡述相比于連作,輪作所帶來的經(jīng)濟效益與生態(tài)效益,并且通過國內外相關輪作制度的對比,為中國輪作產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供建議。結果顯示,相比于連作,輪作在經(jīng)濟與生態(tài)方面都有著很高的效益。同時通過對比發(fā)現(xiàn),中國目前的輪作體系與國外在指導思路、推廣機制、補貼方式與監(jiān)管措施上均有差異,在輪作發(fā)展過程中,中國仍存在諸多問題。結合國外的相關輪作經(jīng)驗,中國應該著手于制定科學的輪作計劃、發(fā)展輪作的配套技術（如保護性耕作、覆蓋作物、節(jié)水灌溉等）、加強輪作相關的宣傳與推廣、精準落實輪作政策同時按時進行輪作的合理評估與政策調整,進而完善中國的輪作體系,這對于在國內大規(guī)模開展輪作種植具有一定的指導意義。

關鍵詞: 輪作, 經(jīng)濟效益, 生態(tài)效益, 土壤健康, 政策建議

Abstract:

Driven by intensive planting and economic benefits, continuous cropping, planting a single crop in the field year after year, has become a common planting mode in China. Long-term continuous cropping has caused many problems, including serious pests and diseases, low yields, and deteriorating soil health. Crop rotation is one of the effective solutions to continuous cropping obstacles and plays a crucial role in the implementation of national strategies such as food security, ecological environment development, and rural revitalization. The paper expounded on the economic and ecological benefits of crop rotation compared with continuous cropping through literature review, and provided suggestions for developing China’s crop rotation based on the comparison of domestic and foreign crop rotation systems. The results show that compared with continuous cropping, crop rotation has higher economic and ecological benefits. Also, it is found that China’s current crop rotation system differs from foreign countries in terms of guidance, promotion mechanisms, subsidy methods, and regulatory measures, and there are still many problems in the development process of crop rotation in China. Combining with the experiences of foreign crop rotation, this paper proposes that we should formulate scientific crop rotation plans, develop crop rotation techniques (conservation tillage, cover crops, water-saving irrigation, and etc.), strengthen the promotion of crop rotation, accurately implement the crop rotation policy, and timely carry out reasonable evaluation and policy adjustments, which have a guiding significance for the large-scale development of crop rotation in China.

Key words: crop rotation, economic benefit, ecological benefit, soil health, policy suggestion

中圖分類號: 

F3

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