首頁資訊輪作種植制度的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析及發(fā)展建議

輪作種植制度的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析及發(fā)展建議

來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2024年12月26日 11:04

摘要：

在集約化種植和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的驅(qū)動(dòng)下,連作在中國已經(jīng)成了較為普遍的種植模式,即年復(fù)一年地在田間種植單一作物。長期的連作導(dǎo)致了病蟲害嚴(yán)重、產(chǎn)量低下、土壤健康狀況降低等諸多問題。輪作是有效解決連作障礙的方法之一,在國家糧食安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)展以及鄉(xiāng)村振興等戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施中有著至關(guān)重要的作用。本研究通過文獻(xiàn)檢索,利用對比分析法,進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)綜述,闡述相比于連作,輪作所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與生態(tài)效益,并且通過國內(nèi)外相關(guān)輪作制度的對比,為中國輪作產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供建議。結(jié)果顯示,相比于連作,輪作在經(jīng)濟(jì)與生態(tài)方面都有著很高的效益。同時(shí)通過對比發(fā)現(xiàn),中國目前的輪作體系與國外在指導(dǎo)思路、推廣機(jī)制、補(bǔ)貼方式與監(jiān)管措施上均有差異,在輪作發(fā)展過程中,中國仍存在諸多問題。結(jié)合國外的相關(guān)輪作經(jīng)驗(yàn),中國應(yīng)該著手于制定科學(xué)的輪作計(jì)劃、發(fā)展輪作的配套技術(shù)（如保護(hù)性耕作、覆蓋作物、節(jié)水灌溉等）、加強(qiáng)輪作相關(guān)的宣傳與推廣、精準(zhǔn)落實(shí)輪作政策同時(shí)按時(shí)進(jìn)行輪作的合理評估與政策調(diào)整,進(jìn)而完善中國的輪作體系,這對于在國內(nèi)大規(guī)模開展輪作種植具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。

關(guān)鍵詞: 輪作, 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益, 生態(tài)效益, 土壤健康, 政策建議

Abstract:

Driven by intensive planting and economic benefits, continuous cropping, planting a single crop in the field year after year, has become a common planting mode in China. Long-term continuous cropping has caused many problems, including serious pests and diseases, low yields, and deteriorating soil health. Crop rotation is one of the effective solutions to continuous cropping obstacles and plays a crucial role in the implementation of national strategies such as food security, ecological environment development, and rural revitalization. The paper expounded on the economic and ecological benefits of crop rotation compared with continuous cropping through literature review, and provided suggestions for developing China’s crop rotation based on the comparison of domestic and foreign crop rotation systems. The results show that compared with continuous cropping, crop rotation has higher economic and ecological benefits. Also, it is found that China’s current crop rotation system differs from foreign countries in terms of guidance, promotion mechanisms, subsidy methods, and regulatory measures, and there are still many problems in the development process of crop rotation in China. Combining with the experiences of foreign crop rotation, this paper proposes that we should formulate scientific crop rotation plans, develop crop rotation techniques (conservation tillage, cover crops, water-saving irrigation, and etc.), strengthen the promotion of crop rotation, accurately implement the crop rotation policy, and timely carry out reasonable evaluation and policy adjustments, which have a guiding significance for the large-scale development of crop rotation in China.

Key words: crop rotation, economic benefit, ecological benefit, soil health, policy suggestion

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