摘要:抗生素菌渣是制藥企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)抗生素類藥物時，由微生物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的固體廢棄物.作為國家規(guī)定的危險廢物，其產(chǎn)量大、含水率高、含氮、硫量高、殘留抗生素的特點，使其具有巨大的環(huán)境危害性.抗生素菌渣的科學、無害處理是醫(yī)藥固廢領域的熱點難題.本文系統(tǒng)闡述了抗生素菌渣的類型、性質(zhì)和危害，詳細綜述了目前主流的各類熱化學處理技術(shù)和非熱化學處理技術(shù)，重點對包括焚燒技術(shù)、水熱技術(shù)和熱解氣化技術(shù)等在內(nèi)的熱化學處理技術(shù)進行了系統(tǒng)歸納，匯總分析其技術(shù)特點、環(huán)境影響、應用瓶頸及研究進展.同時，對抗生素菌渣處理的未來發(fā)展提出若干建議和展望，提出烘焙技術(shù)消除其生物危險性的處理理念，建立健全相關(guān)安全標準與法律規(guī)范，以更好地降低抗生素菌渣潛在的環(huán)境風險并實現(xiàn)資源利用，解決抗生素類藥物生產(chǎn)工藝的后顧之憂，促進我國制藥行業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展.

Abstract:Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue (AMFR) is a solid waste generated during the fermentation for the production of antibiotic drugs. As a state-specified hazardous waste, it causes huge environmental pollution due to the large yields, high contaminants, and the inevitable residual of antibiotics. The clean treatments of AMFR are facing difficulties. In this paper, the types, characteristics and perniciousness of AMFR are reviewed, and the feasible thermochemical technologies and non-thermochemical technologies are also introduced. Particularly, the thermochemical technologies are systematic summarized, including incineration, hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis /gasification. The general evaluations, environmental impact, applications and research progress of thermochemical technologies are comparatively analyzed. At the same time, it is hoped to provide some useful information for treating AMFR. For example, torrefaction, as a pretreatment, can eliminate the biological hazards and provide benefits for downstream thermal treatments. With this review, it shed a light on AMDR treatment during production process of antibiotic drugs, and promoted the sustainable and sound development of pharmaceutical industry of our country.

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