目的：研究不同運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)合飲食干預(yù)對營養(yǎng)性肥胖小鼠的減肥效果和骨骼肌脂代謝的影響，旨在探究一種健康有效的運(yùn)動(dòng)與飲食結(jié)合的減肥方法。方法：對200只健康雄性小鼠進(jìn)行8周高脂飲食干預(yù)，建立肥胖模型。將肥胖鼠（56只）隨機(jī)分為：高脂飲食組（HFD）、生酮飲食組（KD）、低脂飲食組（LFD）、生酮飲食結(jié)合高強(qiáng)度間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)組（KH）、生酮飲食結(jié)合中等強(qiáng)度持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)組（KM）、低脂飲食結(jié)合高強(qiáng)度間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)組（LH）、低脂飲食結(jié)合中等強(qiáng)度持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)組（LM）。干預(yù)5周，運(yùn)動(dòng)6天/周。干預(yù)結(jié)束后測血清總膽固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、游離脂肪酸、脂聯(lián)素、瘦素。皮下脂肪組織重量，內(nèi)臟脂肪組織重量及切片。骨骼肌pAMPK/AMPK、PGC-1α、PPARα、CPT-1蛋白表達(dá)和Acadl、Acox1、Ehhadh、Mcad的mRNA表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果：生酮飲食比低脂飲食能有效降低小鼠攝食量和體脂率，增強(qiáng)小鼠骨骼肌AMPK磷酸化水平和脂肪酸β氧化酶Ehhadh基因表達(dá)水平。生酮飲食結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)比低脂飲食結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)能有效降低小鼠Lee’s指數(shù)和體脂率。高強(qiáng)度間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合飲食干預(yù)比中等強(qiáng)度持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合飲食干預(yù)能有效降低小鼠Lee’s指數(shù)和體脂率。生酮飲食結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)比低脂飲食結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)能有效升高血液高密度脂蛋白膽固醇含量，降低甘油三酯含量，但也可導(dǎo)致低密度脂蛋白膽固醇含量升高。在生酮飲食或低脂飲食干預(yù)下，飲食結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)比單純飲食干預(yù)能有效提高小鼠骨骼肌脂肪酸氧化供能通路相關(guān)蛋白基因的表達(dá)。生酮飲食干預(yù)或低脂飲食干預(yù)下，高強(qiáng)度間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)比中等強(qiáng)度持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)能有效提高小鼠骨骼肌脂肪酸氧化供能通路蛋白基因的表達(dá)。結(jié)論： 1．五周KD干預(yù)和LFD干預(yù)均能改善肥胖，KD比LFD更有效降低肥胖小鼠體脂率，升高肥胖小鼠血清高密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度，因此KD比LFD干預(yù)對肥胖小鼠的減肥效果更有效，單純飲食干預(yù)對肥胖小鼠骨骼肌脂代謝的影響不大；2． KH比LH有效降低小鼠Lee’s指數(shù)和體脂率，但導(dǎo)致甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度升高；3．相同飲食干預(yù)下，HIIT比MICT有效增強(qiáng)小鼠骨骼肌脂代謝水平，主要通過增強(qiáng)AMPK-PGC-1α-PPARα介導(dǎo)的脂代謝通路實(shí)現(xiàn)。但相同運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)下，KD和LFD結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)對小鼠骨骼肌脂代謝水平影響的差別不大。

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of different exercise combined diet interventions on weight loss and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in nutritional obese mice, aiming to explore a healthy and effective exercise combined diet method for weight loss.METHODS: A total of 200 healthy male mice were treated with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish a nutritional mouse obesity model. Obese mice (56 in total) were randomly divided into 7 groups: high-fat diet group (HFD), ketogenic diet group (KD), low-fat diet group (LFD), ketogenic diet plus high-intensity intermittent exercise group (KH), ketogenic diet plus moderate-intensity continuous training group (KM), low-fat diet plus high-intensity intermittent exercise group (LH), low-fat diet plus moderate-intensity continuous training group (LM). The duration of the intervention was 5 weeks and the exercise intervention was 6 days/week. At the end of the intervention, the mice were sacrificed and serum was taken for TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA, adiponectin and leptin. The viscera and subcutaneous fat tissue were weighed and paraffin sections were taken. The expression levels of pAMPK/AMPK, PGC-1α, PPARα, CPT-1 protein and Acadl, Acox1, CPT-1, Ehhadh and Mcad mRNA were measured by skeletal muscle.RESULTS: The ketogenic diet is effective in reducing the food intake and body fat rate of mice, and enhances the AMPK phosphorylation level and the fatty acid β oxidase Ehhadh gene expression level in mice skeletal muscle. The ketogenic diet combined with exercise effectively reduced the Lee’s index and body fat rate in mice compared to the low-fat diet. High-intensity interval training combined with dietary intervention was effective in reducing Lee’s index and body fat percentage in mice compared with moderate-intensity continuous training combined with dietary intervention. The ketogenic diet combined with exercise is more effective than low-fat diet combined with exercise to increase blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels, but leads to an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Under the intervention of ketogenic diet or low-fat diet, diet combined exercise intervention effectively increased the expression of protein genes related to fatty acid oxidation pathway in mice skeletal muscle than diet intervention alone. Under the intervention of ketogenic diet or low-fat diet, high-intensity interval training can effectively increase the expression of protein gene of mice skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation pathway.CONCLUSIONS: 1. Five-week KD intervention and LFD intervention can improve obesity. KD is more effective than LFD in reducing body fat rate and increasing serum HDL-C concentration in obese mice. Therefore, KD is more effective than LFD intervention in reducing obese mice weight. Simple dietary intervention had little effect on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in obese mice.2. KH decreased Lee's index and body fat rate more effectively than LH, but increased triglyceride and LDL cholesterol concentration.3. Under the same dietary intervention, HIIT can enhance the lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle more effectively than MICT, mainly through enhancing the lipid metabolism pathway mediated by AMPK-PGC-1α-PPARα. However, under the same exercise intervention, there was no significant difference between KD and LFD combined with exercise intervention on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in mice.

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