摘要： 助推理論是一種建立在行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和積極心理學(xué)之上的新興行為干預(yù)理論，目前已在國(guó)外慢性病患者自我管理領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用，且干預(yù)效果明顯。相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的慢性病自我管理干預(yù)手段，基于助推理論構(gòu)建的干預(yù)方案對(duì)慢性病患者自我管理的知識(shí)和態(tài)度要求不高，且不干涉慢性病患者的選擇自由，可推廣性較強(qiáng)。本文介紹了助推理論的概念、作用機(jī)制和分類，并從癥狀監(jiān)測(cè)、飲食控制、體育鍛煉、遵醫(yī)囑用藥4個(gè)方面綜述了助推理論在慢性病自我管理中的應(yīng)用。在此基礎(chǔ)上，建議未來基于助推理論的干預(yù)方案從患者自我管理的阻礙因素出發(fā)，結(jié)合數(shù)字化信息技術(shù)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行分類干預(yù)，干預(yù)過程中與社區(qū)建立密切聯(lián)系，并加強(qiáng)相關(guān)部門的監(jiān)管以保證干預(yù)效果。

關(guān)鍵詞: 助推理論, 慢性病, 自我管理, 行為干預(yù)

Abstract:

Nudge theory is an emerging behavioral intervention theory based on behavioral economics and positive psychology, which has been widely used and proven effective in chronic disease self-management abroad. Compared with traditional intervention methods for chronic disease self-management, nudge theory-based intervention program possesses stronger generalization owing to lower requirements for patients' knowledge and attitude regarding chronic disease self-management without interfering with their freedom of choice. We introduced the concept, mechanism of action and classification of nudge theory, and reviewed the advances in its application in chronic disease self-management from four aspects: symptom monitoring, diet control, physical exercise, and medication adherence. On this basis, we put forward the following recommendations to ensure the effectiveness of nudge theory-based interventions: developing nudge theory-based intervention programs targeting the barriers to chronic disease self-management, delivering different types of interventions to different patients using digital technology as a method for classifying the intervention program, having close contact with the community during the intervention, and strengthening the supervision of relevant departments.

Key words: Nudge theory, Chronic diseases, Self-management, Interventions

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