摘要:

目的

了解中國12～30歲人群輕斷食行為發(fā)生情況及其影響因素。

方法

本研究數(shù)據(jù)來自“2022中國居民心理與行為調查研究”。 于2022年6 — 8月采用多階段抽樣對23個省、5個自治區(qū)、4個直轄市的居民進行問卷調查，選取其中12～30歲8 858人作為研究對象，采用廣泛性焦慮障礙量表（GAD-7） 、孤獨量表（T-ILS）、輕斷食行為自編量表進行問卷調查，采用單因素分析和多因素logistic回歸分析發(fā)生輕斷食行為的影響因素。

結果

最終納入分析的8 858名研究對象中有1 036人近1年內有輕斷食行為，發(fā)生率為11.70%；有輕斷食行為的人群平均年齡為（20.83 ± 4.56）歲，無輕斷食人群平均年齡為（20.67 ± 4.80）歲，2組人群年齡差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。多因素非條件logistic回歸分析結果顯示，女性（OR = 1.991，95%CI = 1.718～2.309）、居住地為城鎮(zhèn)（OR = 1.262，95%CI = 1.082～1.472）、吸煙（OR = 1.411，95%CI = 1.123～1.774）、飲酒（OR = 1.432，95%CI = 1.216～1.687）、體質指數(shù)高（OR肥胖 = 2.153，95%CI = 1.528～3.032）、焦慮（OR重度焦慮 = 4.157，95%CI = 3.164～5.463）和孤獨（OR = 1.258，95%CI = 1.070～1.479）是發(fā)生輕斷食行為的危險因素（P < 0.05）。

結論

12～30歲人群中輕斷食行為的發(fā)生受自身因素與心理因素多重影響，需從生理和心理雙層面考慮輕斷食行為。

關鍵詞: 輕斷食  /  間歇性禁食  /  青少年  /  青年  /  焦慮  

Abstract:

Objective

To understand the prevalence and determinants of intermittent fasting in the Chinese population aged 12 to 30 years.

Methods

Data from 8 858 residents aged 12 – 30 years were obtained from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR) survey conducted from June to August 2022 in 32 provincial-level administrative divisions across China. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (T-ILS), and an intermittent fasting scale developed by Chinese researchers were used by interviewers in the face-to-face survey to collect relevant information. The factors influencing intermittent fasting were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of all participants, 1 036 (11.70%) reported using intermittent fasting in the past year. The mean age of participants with and without intermittent fasting was 20.83 ± 4.56 years and 20.67 ± 4.80 years, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that being female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.991, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.718 – 2.309), living in an urban area (OR = 1.262, 95%CI: 1.082 – 1.472), smoking (OR = 1.411, 95%CI: 1.123 – 1.774), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.432, 95%CI: 1.216 – 1.687), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR for obesity = 2.153, 95%CI: 1.528 – 3.032), severe anxiety (OR = 4.157, 95%CI: 3.164 – 5.463), and loneliness (OR = 1.258, 95%CI: 1.070 – 1.479) were risk factors for intermittent fasting (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

The prevalence of intermittent fasting among Chinese residents aged 12 to 30 years is influenced by various personal and psychological factors, indicating the need for dual consideration of the physiological and psychological aspects of intermittent fasting.

表  1   不同特征12～30歲人群輕斷食行為分布情況（N = 8 858）

Table  1   Number and proportion of individuals with and without intermittent fasting among 8 858 Chinese residents aged 12 – 30 years, 2022: stratified by sex, ethnicity, medical education, urban/rural residence in the past 3 months, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, body mass index grade, GAD-7 score, T-ILS score, home quarantine, urban quarantine, and community quarantine

特征 有輕斷食行為（n = 1 036） 無輕斷食行為（n = 7 822） χ2 值 P 值 人數(shù) 構成比（%） 人數(shù) 構成比（%） 性別 43.724 < 0.001 　男性 418 40.3 學院學報, 2022, 41(6): 584 – 587. [20]

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