摘要： 茯磚茶由多種微生物發(fā)酵而成，屬于我國特有的黑茶，其風味獨特，長期飲用有益于人體健康。我國茯磚茶的主要產(chǎn)區(qū)有陜西、湖南、浙江、貴州等，不同產(chǎn)區(qū)茯磚茶中均有大量金花菌群的存在，但地域環(huán)境可影響茯磚茶金花菌群的組成，而金花菌群及其組成又與茯磚茶品質(zhì)風味和功能活性息息相關，金花菌的數(shù)量也是茯磚茶品質(zhì)檢測的一項重要指標。目前對于金花菌群的分類鑒定大多是通過形態(tài)學或轉(zhuǎn)錄間隔區(qū)序列或18S rDNA等單一的方法，但每種方法都有不同的種屬鑒定結果，存在較大差異，且只通過某一種鑒定方法可能會出現(xiàn)偏差。因此，茯磚茶中金花菌群的鑒定目前還存在較大爭議，從而影響茯磚茶地標性產(chǎn)品的評判。本文對茯磚茶中優(yōu)勢菌群的研究現(xiàn)狀、金花菌的分類鑒定現(xiàn)狀進行綜述，為茯磚茶中金花菌的鑒定、金花菌資源的開發(fā)和利用以及茯磚茶的標準化生產(chǎn)方面提供依據(jù)。

關鍵詞: 茯磚茶, 金花菌, 散囊菌屬, 曲霉屬

Abstract: Fuzhuan brick tea is fermented by a variety of microorganisms and belongs to the typical Chinese dark tea. It has a special flavor and long-term drinking is beneficial to human health. At present, the manufacturing?areas?of Fuzhuan brick tea in China mainly include Shaanxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. There is a large number of “Golden Flower Fungi” in Fuzhuan brick tea from different manufacturing?areas. The species composition of “Golden Flower Fungi” is closely related to the quality and functional activity of Fuzhuan brick tea, varying among different geographical regions. Meanwhile, the quantity of “Golden Flower Fungus” is also an important indicator of the quality of Fuzhuan brick tea. Currently, “Golden Flower Fungi” are identified mainly by a single method such as morphology, internal transcribed spacer or 18S rDNA, but each method gives different species identification results with a significant variance. Moreover, use of a single identification method may lead to deviation. Therefore, the identification of “Golden Flower Fungi” in Fuzhuan brick tea is still controversial, which affects the evaluation of landmark products of Fuzhuan brick tea. In this article, the current status of research on the dominant flora in Fuzhuan brick tea and the existing methods for the classification and identification of “Golden Flower Fungi” are reviewed, with the aim of providing the basis for the identification, exploitation and application of “Golden Flower Fungi” and for the standardized production of Fuzhuan brick tea.

Key words: Fuzhuan brick tea, Golden Flower Fungi, Eurotium, Aspergillus

中圖分類號: 

TS201.3

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