摘要：

近幾十年來，隨著農(nóng)村地區(qū)“撤點(diǎn)并?！蓖菩?，我國大規(guī)模興建寄宿學(xué)校。目前，學(xué)術(shù)界對寄宿制與兒童發(fā)展的關(guān)系存在不同看法，缺乏對影響機(jī)制的討論?；谥袊逃粉櫿{(diào)查（CEPS）2013—2014和2014—2015兩期數(shù)據(jù)，探討寄宿對于學(xué)生心理健康狀況的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)寄宿對學(xué)生心理健康具有負(fù)面影響，這種影響對女生、農(nóng)村學(xué)生、非留守兒童、家庭富裕的學(xué)生更大。在影響機(jī)制方面，通過對親子關(guān)系、同伴關(guān)系、學(xué)校管理的考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)寄宿通過減少親子互動、增加校內(nèi)霸凌行為影響了學(xué)生的心理健康；在寄宿學(xué)校內(nèi)，同伴的負(fù)面情緒具有更強(qiáng)的傳染性；在規(guī)定學(xué)習(xí)時間長和管理嚴(yán)格的學(xué)校中，寄宿對于學(xué)生的心理健康負(fù)面影響更大。中國寄宿學(xué)校的興建在普及義務(wù)教育方面做出了歷史性貢獻(xiàn)，但是其發(fā)展面臨諸多問題，需要從學(xué)校管理、家長參與、社會力量等層面進(jìn)行完善，從而提高寄宿學(xué)生的非認(rèn)知能力，推進(jìn)人力資本形成的公平與均衡化。

關(guān)鍵詞: 寄宿學(xué)生, 心理健康, 學(xué)校管理

Abstract:

In the past decades, with the roll-out of “school merging”, China has established an extensive boarding school system. Academia has different views on the relationship between boarding and children’s development, and the influencing mechanisms have yet to be discovered. Based on two waves of China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, this paper explores the impact of boarding school on students’ mental health. This paper finds that boarding school has a negative impact. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impacts are larger for girls, rural students, students with parents living at home, and students from affluent families. To understand how boarding impacts mental health, this paper reports that boarding school affects students’ mental health by reducing parent-child interaction and increasing school bullying. Also, in boarding schools, peers’ negative emotions were also more contagious. Moreover, in schools with longer hours of studying and having more strict management, the negative impact tends to intensify. This study concludes that joint efforts from the school management, parent participation and social involvement are needed, in order to improve the education quality and management of boarding schools.

Key words: boarding school students, mental health, school management

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