面向健康的辦公建筑空間優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法研究

殷子山

摘 要

辦公建筑環(huán)境與人體健康和心理健康密切相關(guān)。當(dāng)前面對(duì)激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，人們的工作強(qiáng)度不斷提高，辦公人員與辦公環(huán)境有關(guān)的健康問(wèn)題日益突出。新冠肺炎疫情的不斷反復(fù)也為辦公人員的健康帶來(lái)新的需求。因此如何結(jié)合健康建筑理念和時(shí)代背景需求，通過(guò)對(duì)辦公建筑空間的合理配置和布局，滿足辦公人員的健康需求，營(yíng)造健康舒適的辦公空間環(huán)境，對(duì)預(yù)防和改善辦公人員的健康問(wèn)題具有深刻的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文通過(guò)對(duì)健康建筑評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和辦公人員健康需求的分析，提出面向健康的辦公建筑空間優(yōu)化要點(diǎn)，并基于參數(shù)化建模和衍生式設(shè)計(jì)方法，研究更滿足辦公人員健康需求的空間配置和布局方案，為辦公建筑空間優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供新思路和方法。

本文構(gòu)建了多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型，利用衍生式設(shè)計(jì)形成滿足辦公人員健康需求的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法。首先基于健康建筑評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文獻(xiàn)資料構(gòu)建了符合時(shí)代背景需求的辦公人員健康需求模型，分析辦公人員在物理環(huán)境防疫設(shè)計(jì)、心理健康等方面的健康需求，總結(jié)出優(yōu)化要點(diǎn)，并提煉出優(yōu)化參數(shù)，將空間布局位置作為為自變量，定義相鄰偏好評(píng)分、噪音影響評(píng)分和私密性評(píng)分為指標(biāo)構(gòu)建多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型。本文以辦公建筑中常見(jiàn)的單廊式布局形式為例，在Grasshopper可視化編程平臺(tái)中進(jìn)行形體構(gòu)建和變量定義，通過(guò)衍生式設(shè)計(jì)生成不同方案，并基于相鄰偏好評(píng)分、噪音影響評(píng)分和私密性評(píng)分對(duì)生成的方案進(jìn)行評(píng)估，得到滿足提出的健康辦公建筑設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)和優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的辦公建筑空間布局方案，為面向建康的辦公建筑空間設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。

基于上述優(yōu)化方法，本文以某辦公建筑為研究對(duì)象，基于優(yōu)化要點(diǎn)對(duì)案例的空間配置提出優(yōu)化建議，結(jié)合采光效果分析圖、各空間區(qū)域類型和業(yè)主需求對(duì)空間進(jìn)行分區(qū)，以相鄰偏好評(píng)分、噪音影響評(píng)分和私密性評(píng)分作為優(yōu)化指標(biāo)，通過(guò)衍生式設(shè)計(jì)生成綜合評(píng)分較優(yōu)方案，選出3個(gè)指標(biāo)評(píng)分均優(yōu)于原方案的結(jié)果，并對(duì)優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行建模模擬評(píng)估，驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化的有效性。最后，本文總結(jié)了面向健康的辦公建筑優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的要點(diǎn)和優(yōu)化過(guò)程，對(duì)今后辦公建筑空間設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)化具有一定指導(dǎo)性意義。

關(guān)鍵詞： 健康建筑；空間配置；空間布局；衍生式設(shè)計(jì)

Abstract

Office building environment is closely related to human body health and mental health, and the current in the face of fierce market competition, people's working intensity increasing, office workers health problems related to the office environment is increasingly outstanding, COVID - 19 outbreak is repeated also brings new requirements to the health of the office staff, so how to combine the requirements of health concept and the era background, It is of great practical significance to prevent and improve the health problems of office staff by reasonable configuration and layout of office building space to meet the health needs of office staff and create a healthy and comfortable office space environment. In this article, through building evaluation standard for health and office personnel health demand analysis, the main points in office building space optimization for health, and based on parametric modeling and generative design method of study is more meet the demand of office workers health space configuration and the layout scheme, as to optimize the design of office building space new ideas and methods.

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed to form an optimal design method to meet the health needs of office staff by derivative design. Firstly, based on the literature of healthy building evaluation standard, a health demand model of office staff in line with the background of The Times was constructed. The health needs of office staff in physical environment, epidemic prevention design, mental health and other aspects were analyzed. Key points of optimization were summarized and optimization parameters were extracted, and the spatial layout position was taken as independent variable. A multi-objective programming model was constructed by defining neighborhood preference score, noise impact score and privacy score. This paper takes the single corridor layout form common in office buildings as an example, constructs shapes and defines variables in Grasshopper visual programming platform, generates different schemes through derivative design, and evaluates the generated schemes based on adjacent preference score, noise impact score and privacy score. The spatial layout scheme of office building satisfying the design key points and optimization objectives of healthy office building is obtained, which provides reference for the space design of office building oriented to health.

Based on the above optimization method, this paper, taking a certain office building as the research object, based on the optimization of the main points of the space configuration of the case optimization Suggestions, combining with daylighting effect analysis, the demand for various types of space area and owners of space partition, with adjacent preference score, noise impact grade and privacy as optimization index, comprehensive score better project by generative design, producing, Three indicators were selected to be better than the results of the original scheme, and the optimization scheme was evaluated by modeling and simulation to verify the effectiveness of the optimization. Finally, this paper summarizes the key points and optimization process of health-oriented office building optimization design, which has certain guiding significance for the optimization of office building space design in the future.

Key words: healthy building, spatial configuration; spatial layout; generative design

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