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中國少數(shù)民族學(xué)生貧血現(xiàn)況及其與營養(yǎng)狀況的關(guān)聯(lián)研究.pdf

北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版
JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY(HEALTH SCIENCES)Vol48 No.3 Jun. 2016
429
論著
中國少數(shù)民族學(xué)生貧血現(xiàn)況及其與營養(yǎng)狀況的
關(guān)聯(lián)研究
宋逸,張冰,胡佩瑾,馬軍≌
(北京大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院婦幼與兒童青少年衛(wèi)生學(xué)系,北京大學(xué)兒童青少年衛(wèi)生研究所,北京100191)
摘要]目的:分析我國少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的貧血現(xiàn)況及其程度的構(gòu)成比,并研究貧血與營養(yǎng)狀況之間的關(guān)系,為少
數(shù)民族學(xué)生貧血防治提供依據(jù)。方法:選取2010年全國學(xué)生體質(zhì)與健康調(diào)研中蒙古族、回族、壯族和朝鮮族7、9、
12、14和17歲年齡組學(xué)生,利用世界衛(wèi)生組織( World Health Organization,WHO)2011年標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩查貧血,以“輕度
“中度”、“重度”分析構(gòu)成比,使用WHO男、女生年齡別體重指數(shù)( body mass index,BMI)z評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定學(xué)生營養(yǎng)
狀況, Logistic回歸分析貧血與營養(yǎng)狀況之間的關(guān)系。結(jié):我國蒙古族、回族、壯族、朝鮮族4個少數(shù)民族學(xué)生貧
血率分別為4.4%、26.4%、6.6%和5.8%,其中,鄉(xiāng)村女生貧血檢出率均為最高,分別為4.8%、42.0%、9.0%和
6.7%。少數(shù)民族學(xué)生大部分屬于輕度貧血,蒙古族、回族、壯族、朝鮮族學(xué)生重度貧血檢出率分別為1.4%
12.9%、1.6%和1.9%。 Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,女生、鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)生、12歲和17歲學(xué)生、回族、壯族和朝鮮族學(xué)生
相對于男生、城市學(xué)生、7歲年齡組學(xué)生和蒙古族學(xué)生更易發(fā)生貧血;相對于正常學(xué)生,超重學(xué)生更不易發(fā)生貧血,
消瘦或肥胖與貧血之間關(guān)聯(lián)無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:不同民族學(xué)生貧血流行程度不同,回族學(xué)生貧血已
達到“中度流行”;應(yīng)對該民族和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)少數(shù)民族,尤其是少數(shù)民族女生進行貧血的重點防治;少數(shù)民族學(xué)生中不
同營養(yǎng)狀況與貧血之間無顯著關(guān)聯(lián),因此學(xué)生營養(yǎng)狀況不能作為區(qū)分貧血與否的依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞]少數(shù)民族;貧血;營養(yǎng)狀況;學(xué)生
[中圖分類號]R153.1「文獻標(biāo)志碼]A「文章編號]1671-167X(2016)03-042907
doi:10.3969/j.isn.1671-167X.2016.03.010
Prevalence of anemia and its association with nutritional status among Chinese
students of ethnic minorities in 2010
SONG Yi, ZHANG Bing, HU Pei-jin, MA Jun
(Department of Child, Adolescent and Womens Health, Peking University School of Public Health; Institute of Child and
Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its proportions of severity, and to exa
mine the association between anemia and nutritional status among Chinese students of ethnic minorities,
so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of anemia. Methods: The subjects were
huang and Korean students aged 7, 9, 12, 14 and 17 years, sampled from the 2010 Chinese
National Surveys on Students ' Constitution and Health. World Health Organization(WHO )criteria for
screening anemia (2001 was used, and the proportion rates of mild, moderate and severe were ana
lyzed. The nutritional status was defined according to the growth references of body mass index(BMI)
for-age z-score for 5-19 years developed by the WHO. Stepwise Logistic regression was used to assess
the association between anemia and nutritional status, gender, urban/rural area
age and ethnic minor
ties. Results: The prevalences of anemia were 4.4%o, 26.4%, 6.6% and 5.8%o in Mongolian, Hui
Zhuang and Korean students, respectively, of whom, the prevalence of anemia was highest in rural girls
and reached 4.8%, 42.0%, 9.0% and 6.7%0, respectively. Most of the ethnic minorities'students
belonged to mild anemia, and the prevalence of severe anemia was 1.4%0, 12.9%, 1.6%o and 1.9% in
Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students, respectively. Stepwise Logistic regression showed that the
girls, rural students, students aged 12 years and 17 years, Hui, Zhuang and Korean students were more
likely to develop anemia than the boys, urban students, students aged 7 years and Mongolian students
The overweight students were less likely to develop anemia compared with the
e norma s
was no significant association between anemia and thinness or obesity when the other factors were con-
trolled (P>0.05) Conclusion The epidemic of anemia was if erent in the different ethnic minorities
and the prevalence of anemia in Hui students was of moderate public health concern according to

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