摘要:

植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)是研究營養(yǎng)元素在土壤?植物系統(tǒng)遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化和利用規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)性學(xué)科，是支撐全球糧食安全、耕地質(zhì)量安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境安全的重要學(xué)科。以組學(xué)技術(shù)和人工智能為代表的學(xué)科前沿不斷拓展了植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)的研究范疇，同時(shí)，耕地高強(qiáng)度利用下如何實(shí)現(xiàn)作物高產(chǎn)、養(yǎng)分高效、生態(tài)健康等多重目標(biāo)成為新階段植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)的研究重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。本文回顧了近年來植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)在營養(yǎng)遺傳、養(yǎng)分循環(huán)、新型肥料、高效施肥等方向取得的創(chuàng)新進(jìn)展，同時(shí)，基于我國植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)研究短板，提出了新階段植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，主要包括作物養(yǎng)分高效與抗逆分子調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)、土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)與微生物組功能挖掘、新型綠色高效肥料創(chuàng)制與應(yīng)用、農(nóng)田養(yǎng)分協(xié)同優(yōu)化原理與方法等方面，旨在推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，為保障糧食安全和農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展提供科技支撐。

Abstract:

Plant nutrition is a fundamental science that studies the migration, transformation and utilization of nutrient elements in soil-plant system, it has crucial roles for sustaining global food supply, cultivated land quality, and the security of ecological environment. The frontiers of the discipline expand unceasingly with the rapid development of omics technology and artificial intelligence. In the new stage, how to achieve high crop yield, nutrient efficiency, and ecological health simultaneously has become the focus and challenge of plant nutrition research in the context of intensive utilization of cultivated land. We summarized the recent innovative developments in nutrient genetics, nutrient cycling, new fertilizers, and efficient fertilization technologies. Aiming at the shortcomings in China’s plant nutrition research, the following researches require further strengthening in urgency, as: efficient crop nutrient management and molecular regulatory networks for stress resistance, soil nutrient cycling and microbiome functional exploration, creation and application of novel green fertilizers principles, and the methods for optimizing nutrient synergy in farmlands. The goal is to provide scientific and technological schemes for food security, green and high-quality agricultural development.

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