一項研究報告說，連續(xù)5天睡眠不足會增加超出能量需求的食物攝入并且導(dǎo)致體重增加。Kenneth P. Wright, Jr.及其同事就5天睡眠不足對16名成年人的每日能量總開支和總攝入的作用進(jìn)行了量化。這組作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，與受試者被允許睡至多9個小時相比，當(dāng)受試者被允許睡至多5個小時的時候，平均每日能量開支增加了大約5%。這些受試者的食物攝入也在睡眠不足的時候增加，導(dǎo)致了體重增加。盡管瘦蛋白、胃泌素激素以及發(fā)出過量食物攝入信號的YY肽水平發(fā)生了變化，受試者還是過度進(jìn)食。在睡眠不足期間，受試者吃了少量早餐，但是在晚餐后吃了富含碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)和纖維的零食而讓熱量攝入增加。當(dāng)受試者從睡眠不足轉(zhuǎn)向睡眠充足的時候，他們減少了熱量攝入，特別是減少了從脂肪和碳水化合物中攝入熱量，并且減輕了體重。與男性受試者不同，女性受試者在充足睡眠期間維持了她們的體重，但是當(dāng)她們睡眠不足的時候表現(xiàn)出了飲食限制的減少和體重的增加。這組作者說，該研究證明了睡眠不足可能導(dǎo)致了體重增加的機(jī)制。

doi:10.1073/pnas.1216951110 
PMC:
PMID:

Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain

Rachel R. Markwalda,b,1, Edward L. Melansonb,c, Mark R. Smitha, Janine Higginsd, Leigh Perreaultb, Robert H. Eckelb, and Kenneth P. Wright, Jra,b,2

Insufficient sleep is associated with obesity, yet little is known about how repeated nights of insufficient sleep influence energy expenditure and balance. We studied 16 adults in a 14- to 15-d-long inpatient study and quantified effects of 5 d of insufficient sleep, equivalent to a work week, on energy expenditure and energy intake compared with adequate sleep. We found that insufficient sleep increased total daily energy expenditure by ～5%; however, energy intake—especially at night after dinner—was in excess of energy needed to maintain energy balance. Insufficient sleep led to 0.82 ± 0.47 kg (±SD) weight gain despite changes in hunger and satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin, and peptide YY, which signaled excess energy stores. Insufficient sleep delayed circadian melatonin phase and also led to an earlier circadian phase of wake time. Sex differences showed women, not men, maintained weight during adequate sleep, whereas insufficient sleep reduced dietary restraint and led to weight gain in women. Our findings suggest that increased food intake during insufficient sleep is a physiological adaptation to provide energy needed to sustain additional wakefulness; yet when food is easily accessible, intake surpasses that needed. We also found that transitioning from an insufficient to adequate/recovery sleep schedule decreased energy intake, especially of fats and carbohydrates, and led to ?0.03 ± 0.50 kg weight loss. These findings provide evidence that sleep plays a key role in energy metabolism. Importantly, they demonstrate physiological and behavioral mechanisms by which insufficient sleep may contribute to overweight and obesity.

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