摘要：

神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷會擾亂神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的通訊，導(dǎo)致基本神經(jīng)功能喪失和癱瘓，這不僅給患者本人帶來身體和心理上的極大傷害，嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量，還會對家庭乃至整個(gè)社會造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。自20世紀(jì)40年代的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)外源電場(EF)可以誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生更多的神經(jīng)突以及引導(dǎo)軸突定向及加速生長之后，電刺激療法即被納入神經(jīng)損傷的治療研究中來，并在幾十年的發(fā)展中涌現(xiàn)出很多的優(yōu)秀成果。本綜述討論了EFs對神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的影響，以及應(yīng)用EFs進(jìn)行外周神經(jīng)(PNS)和中樞神經(jīng)(CNS)損傷的研究進(jìn)展。在PNS中，EF能夠刺激受損肢體神經(jīng)的再生和功能恢復(fù)。在CNS中，可以使用EF刺激實(shí)現(xiàn)軸突再生并恢復(fù)患者的行走能力。另外，近年來關(guān)于一種新型的電刺激源——納米發(fā)電機(jī)的研究進(jìn)展迅速。納米發(fā)電機(jī)是可將機(jī)械能直接轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的創(chuàng)新能源器件。將其應(yīng)用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，可以收集人體運(yùn)動的機(jī)械能并直接輸出電刺激，而不再需要外界的電能供應(yīng)，這有望為電刺激治療帶來重大的創(chuàng)新和變革。本綜述概述了近年來納米發(fā)電機(jī)在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病治療方面的研究進(jìn)展和應(yīng)用實(shí)例。

關(guān)鍵詞: 電刺激, 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷, 神經(jīng)電極, 功能修復(fù), 納米發(fā)電機(jī)

Abstract:

Nervous system injury can disrupt communications between neurons, leading to loss of basic nerve functions and even paralysis. The clinical prognosis of nervous system injury is usually poor. This adversely affects the physical and mental health of patients and their families, and causes serious economic losses to the society. Due to slow and incomplete healing, the regenerative capacity of the nervous system is limited. Despite development of various biomedical treatment options such as, stem cell transplantation, neurotrophic factors and scaffold application, it is still very difficult to achieve adequate therapeutic effects that can benefit clinical practice. It is worth noting that nervous system components are closely related to electric fields (EFs), and a fundamental property of neurons is plasticity in response to endogenous and exogenous electrical stimulations. Electrical stimulation has been applied by researchers to induce nerve repair. This review summarizes the progress in research on EFs on neurons and applications of EFs in the treatment of peripheral nerve system and central nerve system injuries, focusing on the methods and effects of electrical stimulation. Research using direct, alternating, and pulsed EFs, with various parameters, has all demonstrated its positive effects on nerve healing and motor function recovery. Research on nanogenerators (NGs), a novel electrical stimulation technology that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, has achieved great progress in recent years. In biomedicine, NGs can collect the mechanical energy of human motion and convert it into electrical stimulations without requiring an external power supply, which can lead to significant innovations in electrical stimulation therapy. This review also discusses the recent applications of NGs in the treatment of nervous system diseases. NGs can be used to fabricate miniature, ultra-thin, flexible, and biodegradable healthcare devices according to different application scenarios such as in vivo or in vitro. NGs have enabled specific applications in deep brain stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, muscle stimulation, and sensory substitution to restore nervous system function. In order to apply electrical stimulation therapy in the clinical setting and improve the quality of life of patients with neurological injuries, further research into stimulation devices and their settings and parameters is highly desirable.

Key words: Electrical stimulation, Nervous system injury, Neural electrode, Functional recovery, Nanogenerator

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