摘要: 目的：比較研究番石榴不同部位（根、莖、葉、果實）乙醇提取物抗氧化、降血糖和抑制酪氨酸酶活性。方法：分別采用ABTS法和DPPH法、pNPG法和DNS法、L-DOPA法評價番石榴不同部位抗氧化活性、降血糖活性和酪氨酸酶抑制活性。結(jié)果：番石榴不同部位乙醇提取物均具有一定的體外抗氧化、降血糖和酪氨酸酶抑制活性，并呈現(xiàn)一定的量效關(guān)系。番石榴各部位中，番石榴根乙醇提取物的抗氧化、降血糖和抑制酪氨酸酶活性均強于其他部位。番石榴根對DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力與維生素C接近，清除能力IC50值分別為：(8.45±0.12)、(0.09±0.002) mg/mL，且其對α-淀粉酶和酵母菌來源α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性強于阿卡波糖，抑制活性的IC50值分別為：(0.10±0.02)、(8.74±0.25) μg/mL；而對小鼠小腸來源α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性弱于阿卡波糖；對酪氨酸酶抑制活性弱于維生素C。結(jié)論：番石榴根乙醇提取物的抗氧化、降血糖和酪氨酸酶抑制活性最強，表明番石榴根是潛在抗氧化劑和α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶和酪氨酸酶抑制劑的來源。

關(guān)鍵詞: 番石榴  /  抗氧化  /  降血糖  /  酪氨酸酶  

Abstract: Objective: The antioxidant, hypoglycemic and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ethanol extracts of different parts (root, stem, leave and fruit) from Psidium guajava L. were compared. Methods: The free radical scavenging were determined by DPPH and ABTS method. The hypoglycemic activities were determined by pNPG and DNS method. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity was determined by L-DOPA method. Results: The ethanol extracts of different parts from Psidium guajava L. had certain antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and there were dose effect relationship. The ethanol extracts of the root from Psidium guajava L. had the strongest activity, and its free radical scavenging of ABTS+ and DPPH was close to VC, its IC50 values of the scavenging ability of ABTS+ and DPPH free radicals were (8.45±0.12), (0.09±0.002) mg/mL, and its inhibitory strength on yeast α-glucosidase and α-amylase was higher than that of positive control acarbose. And its IC50 values of the inhibitory activity on α-amylase and yeast α-glucosidase were: (0.10±0.02), (8.74±0.25) μg/mL, and the inhibitory activity of tyrosinase was weaker than VC. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the root from Psidium guajava L. had the highest antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, which suggested that the root from Psidium guajava L. is a potential inhibitors resource of antioxidant, α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase.

圖  1   樣品對DPPH自由基的清除作用

Figure  1.   Effect of samples on scavenging rate for DPPH radical

圖  2   樣品對ABTS+自由基的清除作用

Figure  2.   Effect of samples on scavenging rate for ABTS+ radical

圖  3   樣品對酵母菌來源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

Figure  3.   Inhibition of samples on yeast α-glucosidase

圖  4   樣品對小鼠小腸來源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

Figure  4.   Inhibition of samples on α-glucosidase from small intestine in mice

圖  5   樣品對α-淀粉酶抑制活性

Figure  5.   Inhibition of samples on α-amylase

圖  6   樣品對酪氨酸酶抑制活性

Figure  6.   Inhibition of samples on tyrosinase

表  1   樣品對DPPH自由基清除作用的IC50值

Table  1   IC50 value of the scavenging effect of the samples on DPPH radical

指標(biāo)番石榴根番石榴莖番石榴葉番石榴果實維生素C IC50
（μg/mL）8.45±0.1217.54±0.0534.68±0.21?8.63±0.07 注：“?”表示在實驗質(zhì)量濃度下未檢出IC50值，表2~表5同。

表  2   樣品對ABTS+自由基清除作用的IC50值

Table  2   IC50 value of the scavenging effect of the samples on ABTS+ radical

指標(biāo)根莖葉果實維生素C IC50
（mg/mL）0.09±0.0020.18±0.020.26±0.03?0.08±0.001

表  3   樣品對酵母菌來源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值

Table  3   IC50 value of the samples for inhibition on yeast α-glucosidase

指標(biāo)根莖葉果實阿卡波糖 IC50（μg/mL）8.74±0.2522.21±0.3744.65±1.21650.60±3.142841.80±4.05

表  4   樣品對小鼠小腸來源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值

Table  4   IC50 value of the samples for inhibition on α-glucosidase from small intestine in mice

指標(biāo)根莖葉果實阿卡波糖 IC50（mg/mL）????1.54±0.003

表  5   樣品對α-淀粉酶抑制作用的IC50值

Table  5   IC50 value of the samples for inhibition on α-amylase

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