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來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2025年11月13日 09:47

The 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) was introduced by the EuroQol Group in 2009 to improve the instrument’s sensitivity and to reduce ceiling effects, as compared to the EQ-5D-3L. The EQ-5D-5L essentially consists of 2 pages: the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS).

The descriptive system comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient’s health state.

The EQ VAS records the patient’s self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled ‘The best health you can imagine’ and ‘The worst health you can imagine’. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflects the patient’s own judgement.

Main differences between the EQ-5D-5L and the EQ-5D-3L

The EQ-5D-5L differs from the EQ-5D-3L on the following points:

The number of levels of perceived problems per dimension was changed from 3 to 5, increasing the sensitivity and reducing the ceiling effect. The most severe label for the mobility dimension was changed from “confined to bed” to “unable to walk about”, enhancing its applicability and increasing the sensitivity of the mobility dimension. The instructions for the EQ VAS task were simplified, making the task easier to complete and easier to score.

EQ-5D-5L is available in more than 150 languages and in various modes of administration.

Last update: January 21st, 2025

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