Healthy eating habits are the basis for good health status, especially for children and adolescents, when growth and development are still ongoing. Nutrition educational programs are essential to prevent and treat chronic diseases. Nutritional counseling (NC), as a collaborative process between the counselor and the client process, could help to achieve better outcomes. This review aims to collect information about the utilization of NC during childhood and adolescence and to highlight its possible impact on adherence/compliance rates, nutrition knowledge, status and dietary intake. The methods applied in this systematic review followed the instruction of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and Science Direct included observational or randomized studies. RoB 2.0 and Robins-I tools was used for the risk of bias assessment in randomized and non-randomized studies, respectively. The quality of evidence was checked by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool system. A total of 21 articles were selected, computing 4,345 individuals. 11 achieved at least 4 stars quality level. The highest risk of bias for randomized studies was related to the randomization process. 42.9% of non-randomized studies had some concerns of bias, mainly because of a lack of control of all confounding factors. Different strategies of NC were used in children and adolescents with positive results for health or diseases. NC strategies can be effectively used in children and adolescents. In general, NC showed benefits in pediatrics age for anthropometric or body composition parameters, dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and physical activity improvement. Performing NC in pediatrics is challenging due to the counseling strategies that must be adapted in their contents to the cognitive ability of each age. More structured research must be done focused on this population. Investments in healthy eating behaviors in pediatrics can lead to better health outcomes in the future population with substantial benefits to society.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42022374177].

中文翻譯：

兒童和青少年時期的營養(yǎng)咨詢：系統(tǒng)評價(jià)

健康的飲食習(xí)慣是良好健康狀況的基礎(chǔ)，尤其是對于仍在生長發(fā)育的兒童和青少年來說。營養(yǎng)教育計(jì)劃對于預(yù)防和治療慢性病至關(guān)重要。營養(yǎng)咨詢（NC）作為咨詢師和客戶之間的協(xié)作過程，可以幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的結(jié)果。本綜述旨在收集有關(guān)兒童和青少年時期NC使用的信息，并強(qiáng)調(diào)其對依從性/依從率、營養(yǎng)知識、狀況和膳食攝入量的可能影響。本系統(tǒng)評價(jià)中應(yīng)用的方法遵循系統(tǒng)評價(jià)和薈萃分析的首選報(bào)告項(xiàng)目 (PRISMA) 的說明。 PubMed/Medline、Scopus、Web of Science、LILACS 和 Science Direct 中的檢索包括觀察性或隨機(jī)研究。 RoB 2.0 和 Robins-I 工具分別用于隨機(jī)和非隨機(jī)研究中的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估。通過混合方法評估工具系統(tǒng)檢查證據(jù)的質(zhì)量。共入選文章21篇，計(jì)算4345人。 11 個達(dá)到至少 4 星質(zhì)量水平。隨機(jī)研究的最高偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與隨機(jī)過程有關(guān)。 42.9%的非隨機(jī)研究存在一定的偏倚擔(dān)憂，主要是因?yàn)槿狈λ谢祀s因素的控制。兒童和青少年使用了不同的 NC 策略，對健康或疾病產(chǎn)生了積極的結(jié)果。 NC 策略可有效用于兒童和青少年?？傮w而言，NC 在兒科年齡方面對人體測量或身體成分參數(shù)、飲食攝入、營養(yǎng)知識和體力活動改善表現(xiàn)出益處。 在兒科中進(jìn)行 NC 具有挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樽稍儾呗缘膬?nèi)容必須適應(yīng)每個年齡段的認(rèn)知能力。必須針對這一人群進(jìn)行更有條理的研究。對兒科健康飲食行為的投資可以為未來人群帶來更好的健康結(jié)果，為社會帶來巨大利益。系統(tǒng)審查注冊[ https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails ]，標(biāo)識符[CRD42022374177]。

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