摘要：

鋰電池技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展使其成為了應(yīng)用最廣泛的電化學(xué)儲(chǔ)能器件。然而電池性能提升的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了日益凸顯的安全問(wèn)題，需要開發(fā)先進(jìn)的監(jiān)測(cè)傳感技術(shù)獲取電池內(nèi)部的物理、化學(xué)信息，以更好地理解電池的內(nèi)在物理化學(xué)機(jī)制并評(píng)估電池狀態(tài)?；诖?，本文首先介紹了電池?zé)o損監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史，并重點(diǎn)介紹了基于聲學(xué)和光學(xué)的電池?zé)o損檢測(cè)技術(shù)。聲學(xué)傳感技術(shù)只需在電池外部布設(shè)聲學(xué)探頭，即可獲得其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化、產(chǎn)氣等信息，是一種理想的無(wú)損監(jiān)測(cè)方式。光學(xué)傳感憑借其傳感器體積小、耐腐蝕、抗電磁干擾等優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以植入到電池內(nèi)部，獲取電池全生命周期內(nèi)部熱學(xué)、力學(xué)、化學(xué)等多種傳感信息。通過(guò)這些先進(jìn)的傳感技術(shù)，能夠最大限度地評(píng)估和預(yù)測(cè)電池的健康狀態(tài)、工況可靠性、剩余壽命和安全性。最后本文討論了下一代智能電池開發(fā)應(yīng)用面臨的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 電池監(jiān)測(cè), 光學(xué)傳感, 聲學(xué)傳感, 鋰離子電池

Abstract:

The rapid development of lithium batteries has made them the most widely used electrochemical energy storage devices. While improving battery performance, it has also increased safety issues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop advanced monitoring and sensing technologies to obtain internal physical and chemical information about batteries, which can contribute to a deep understanding of the intrinsic physicochemical mechanisms and enable the evaluation of battery states. This study introduced the development history of battery nondestructive monitoring technologies and emphasized the nondestructive monitoring technology of batteries based on acoustic and optical principles, along with its application examples. Acoustic sensing technology provides an ideal nondestructive monitoring approach by deploying acoustic probes outside batteries to gather information on internal structural changes and gas production, without the requirement for invasive measures. Owing to advantages, such as small size, corrosion resistance, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, optical sensors can be implanted into batteries to acquire information on internal thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical data throughout the entire lifecycle. These advanced acoustic and optical sensing technologies make the evaluation and prediction of the battery's health status, operational reliability, remaining life, and safety possible. Finally, this study elaborates on the opportunities and challenges faced in developing and applying the next generation of smart batteries.

Key words: battery monitoring, optical sensing, acoustic sensing, lithium-ion batteries

中圖分類號(hào): 

TM 911

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