研究表明,具有較強(qiáng)人際關(guān)系能力的個(gè)體在面對(duì)生活壓力時(shí)更容易建立并積極運(yùn)用各種人際關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),那些長(zhǎng)期孤獨(dú)的人被評(píng)價(jià)為具有較低的人際關(guān)系能力。人際關(guān)系能力不同于社會(huì)能力,社會(huì)能力是一個(gè)更為廣泛的概念,它既可以指?jìng)€(gè)體在同伴群體中的社會(huì)測(cè)量地位,也可泛指?jìng)€(gè)體社會(huì)適應(yīng)的所有能力,而人際關(guān)系能力則側(cè)重考察個(gè)體發(fā)展親密關(guān)系的能力,如與父母、親密朋友、配偶或與兄弟姐妹之間的關(guān)系。

人際關(guān)系能力問(wèn)卷（ICQ）

由 Buhrmester 編制，王英春、屈智勇、郜漲等人進(jìn)行本地化修訂的人際關(guān)系能力問(wèn)卷 ICQ（interpersonal competence questionnaire），該問(wèn)卷共 35 題，由施加影響的能力、自我袒露能力、提供感情支持能力、發(fā)起交往能力和沖突解決能力五個(gè)維度構(gòu)成，問(wèn)卷為 5 點(diǎn)計(jì)分，“1”表示完全不符合，“2”表示不符合，“3”表示符合，“4”表示比較符合，“5”表示非常符合。驗(yàn)證性因素分析表明,修訂后的ICQ問(wèn)卷具有較好的結(jié)構(gòu)效度,GFI、NNFI和CFI均大于0．85,RMSEA為0．05;問(wèn)卷具有較好的效標(biāo)效度,能夠?qū)⒂袩o(wú)互選朋友的被試進(jìn)行區(qū)分;問(wèn)卷總表的克倫巴赫α系數(shù)為0．93,分半信度為0．89,各維度的克倫巴赫α系數(shù)在0．70～0,81之間,分半信度在0．69-0．79之間,重測(cè)信度在0．63-0．82之間。

1.我能和剛認(rèn)識(shí)的人一起玩，比方踢足球或看電影。
2.當(dāng)別人心情不好或難過(guò)時(shí)，我能夠讓他感覺好一些。
3.我能按照自己的愿望和別人友好相處。
4.我能以合理的方式處理沖突使問(wèn)題容易解決而不是變得更糟。
5.我能以自己獨(dú)特的方式和別人建立新的關(guān)系。
6.我能夠給別人提供幫助，讓別人覺得自己的問(wèn)題不難解決。
7.我能讓別人看到自己比較敏感的一面。
8.我能以合理的方式處理沖突而使雙方都感覺比較舒服。
9.我能與想認(rèn)識(shí)或希望進(jìn)一步了解的人聊天。
10.我能讓別人清楚對(duì)重要決定的思考和感受。
11.做事情時(shí)我能堅(jiān)持自己的立場(chǎng)。
12.有時(shí)我會(huì)告訴別人有關(guān)自己的一些尷尬事。
13.我能處理沖突，而使雙方都不受到傷害或相互憎恨。
14.我善于向別人介紹自己。
15.我能幫助別人解除壓力或處理棘手的事情。
16.我能說(shuō)服別人同意自己的觀點(diǎn)。
17.我能處理沖突，而不讓好朋友覺得自己總是失敗者。
18.我會(huì)給剛剛認(rèn)識(shí)的人打電話約定時(shí)間一起做事情。
19.在別人遇到麻煩時(shí)，我真誠(chéng)地關(guān)心他人。
20.我能決定自己應(yīng)該去做什么。
21.我能與別人分享自己的觀點(diǎn)和情感。
22.我善于協(xié)調(diào)彼此之間的分歧而不會(huì)導(dǎo)致更大的矛盾。
23.我能幫助別人更好地理解問(wèn)題。
24.我善于表達(dá)自己的愿望和觀點(diǎn)。
25.我能告訴某些人自己的小秘密而不告訴其他人。
26.我能夠迅速地解決沖突。
27.我能以別人可以接受的方式提出意見和建議。
28.我能以自己獨(dú)特的方式和他人友好相處。
29.我能告訴別人自己對(duì)其他人的真實(shí)感受。
30.和別人發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，我能夠控制自己的情緒。
31.我留給別人的第一印象是一個(gè)風(fēng)趣平易近人的人。
32.我能認(rèn)真傾聽別人發(fā)牢騷。
33.我能對(duì)去哪里或做什么做出決定。
34.我能告訴別人自己對(duì)重要事情的思考。
35.一旦證明自己是錯(cuò)誤的，我能夠放棄原來(lái)的主張。

被試選自山西省晉中市昔陽(yáng)縣某初中，在初一、初二、初三三個(gè)年級(jí)分別選取三個(gè)班的學(xué)生 150 名，共計(jì) 450 名。分發(fā)問(wèn)卷共 450 份，有效問(wèn)卷 401 份，有效回收率為 89%。

分別在武漢大學(xué)、華中師范大學(xué)、湖北大學(xué)、華中科技大學(xué)、中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)、航海學(xué)院、武漢理工大學(xué)、長(zhǎng)江職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院進(jìn)行隨機(jī)抽樣，發(fā)放問(wèn)卷600份，回收問(wèn)卷582份，其中有效問(wèn)卷464份。

Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ)
Buhrmester et al? (1988)
1.Asking or suggesting to someone new that you get together and do something? e.g.? go out together.
2.Telling a companion you don't like a certain way he or she has been treating you.
3.Revealing something intimate about yourself while talking with someone you're just getting to know.
4.Helping a close companion work through his or her thoughts and feelings about a major life decision? e.g.? a career choice.
5.Being able to admit that you might be wrong when a disagreement with a close companion begins to build into a serious fight.*
6.Finding and suggesting things to do with new people whom you find interesting and attractive.*
7.Saying "no" when a date/acquaintance asks you to do something you don't want to do.
8.Confiding in a new friend/date and letting him or her see your softer? more sensitive side.*
9.Being able to patiently and sensitively listen to a companion "let off steam" about outside problems s/he is ha?ving.
10.Being able to put begrudging (resentful) feelings aside when ha?ving a fight with a close companion.
11.Carrying on conversations with someone new whom you think you might like to get to know.
12.Turning down a request by a companion that is unreasonable.
13.Telling a close companion things about yourself that you're ashamed of.
14.Helping a close companion get to the heart of a problem s/he is experiencing.*
15.When ha?ving a conflict with a close companion? really listening to his or her complaints and not trying to "read" his/her mind.
16.Being an interesting and enjoyable person to be with when first getting to know people.
17.Standing up for your rights when a companion is neglecting you or being inconsiderate.
18.Letting a new companion get to know the "real you."*
19.Helping a close companion cope with family or roommate problems.
20.Being able to take a companion's perspective in a fight and really understand his or her point of view.*
21.Introducing yourself to someone you might like to get to know (or date).*
22.Telling a date/acquaintance that he or she is doing something that embarrasses you.
23.Letting down your protective "outer shell" and trusting a close companion.*
24.Being a good and sensitive listener for a companion who is upset.
25.Refraining from saying things that might cause a disagreement to build into a big fight.
26.Calling (on the phone) a new date/acquaintance to set up a time to get together and do something.*
27.Confronting your close companion when he or she has broken a promise.*
28.Telling a close companion about the things that secretly make you feel anxious or afraid.
29.Being able to say and do things to support a close companion when s/he is feeling down.*
30.Being able to work through a specific problem with a companion without resorting to global accusations ("you always do that").
31.Presenting good first impressions to people you might like to become friends with (or date).
32.Telling a companion that he or she has done something to hurt your feelings.*
33.Telling a close companion how much you appreciate and care for him or her.
34.Being able to show genuine empathetic concern even when a companion's problem is uninteresting to you.
35.When angry with a companion? being able to accept that s/he has a valid point of view even if you don't agree with that view.
36.Going to parties or gatherings where you don't know people well in order to start up new relationships.
37.Telling a date/acquaintance that he or she has done something that made you angry.*
38.Knowing how to move a conversation with a date/acquaintance beyond superficial talk to really get to know each other.
39.When a close companion needs help and support? being able to give advice in ways that arewell received.*
40.Not exploding at a close companion (even when it is justified) in order to avoid a damaging conflict.*
*Items at brief version
Initiating relationships? with friends α =.86? with dates α =.85; self-disclosure with friends and dates α =.82; asserting displeasure with friends’ actions α =.85? with dates’ actions α =.86; providing emotional support for a friend α =.86? for a date α =.87; managing interpersonal conflicts with friends or dates α =.77
1= I’m poor at this? 2= I’m only fair at this? 3= I'm OK at this? 4= I'm good at this? 5= I'm extremely good at this.
Initiating relationships (items 1? 6? 11? 16? 26? 32? and 36)? self-disclosure (items 3? 8? 13? 18? 23? 28? 33? and 38)? asserting displeasure with others’ actions (items 2? 7? 12? 17? 22? 27? 32? and 37)? providing emotional support (items 4? 9? 14? 19? 24? 29? 34? and 39)? and managing interpersonal conflicts (items 5? 10? 15? 20? 25? 30? 35? and 40)

參考文獻(xiàn)：
王英春,鄒泓,屈智勇.人際關(guān)系能力問(wèn)卷(ICQ)在初中生中的初步修訂[J].中國(guó)心理衛(wèi)生雜志,2006(05):306-308.
陳晨. 初中生共情、人際關(guān)系和抑郁的關(guān)系及共情干預(yù)研究[D].閩南師范大學(xué),2021.DOI:10.27726/d.cnki.gzzsf.2021.000260.
張行健. 父母教養(yǎng)方式對(duì)初中生學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)的影響：自尊和人際關(guān)系能力的作用[D].山西大學(xué),2018.
羅敏. 大學(xué)生人際關(guān)系能力、自尊和家庭教養(yǎng)方式的關(guān)系[D].湖北大學(xué),2012.
https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/interpersonal-competence-questionnaire-icq/

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