首頁(yè) 資訊暴露組學(xué)在識(shí)別環(huán)境污染物及其健康危害中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展

暴露組學(xué)在識(shí)別環(huán)境污染物及其健康危害中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展

來(lái)源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2024年11月23日 23:39

摘要：

目前,全球范圍內(nèi)的環(huán)境污染成為困擾各國(guó)的突出問(wèn)題,環(huán)境污染導(dǎo)致的健康危害已引起世界各國(guó)的廣泛關(guān)注,但揭示繁雜的污染物暴露與相關(guān)疾病的關(guān)系仍是一個(gè)科學(xué)難題。暴露組學(xué)概念的提出為推動(dòng)環(huán)境因素與人類健康之間關(guān)系的研究提供了新思路?！白陨隙隆焙汀白韵露稀钡难芯坎呗?、執(zhí)行研究策略所使用的檢測(cè)手段以及“組學(xué)”的研究共同促進(jìn)了暴露組學(xué)的發(fā)展。暴露組學(xué)關(guān)注個(gè)體一生中所有暴露的測(cè)量,旨在通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)生物監(jiān)測(cè)和現(xiàn)代組學(xué)方法對(duì)體內(nèi)外暴露水平進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),考察與所有環(huán)境暴露相關(guān)的標(biāo)志物以及與疾病相關(guān)標(biāo)志物之間的相關(guān)性,從而得到全面可靠的環(huán)境與疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系。與傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境健康研究相比,暴露組學(xué)研究更能真實(shí)體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中污染物、自然因素及生活方式等暴露因素的多樣性,以及污染物的體內(nèi)過(guò)程和所觸發(fā)的機(jī)體反應(yīng)的復(fù)雜性。高分辨質(zhì)譜技術(shù)等強(qiáng)大的化學(xué)分析手段被廣泛應(yīng)用于暴露組學(xué)的相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究中,本文簡(jiǎn)單舉例介紹了色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)在環(huán)境污染物檢測(cè)和分析中的應(yīng)用,其中蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)和代謝組學(xué)作為生物標(biāo)志物鑒定和污染物效應(yīng)分析的兩個(gè)重要手段,在探究環(huán)境與疾病的聯(lián)系中具有重要意義,并得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。進(jìn)入機(jī)體的污染物,可與機(jī)體(尤其是與生物大分子中的蛋白質(zhì))發(fā)生復(fù)雜的相互作用,導(dǎo)致病理改變和毒性效應(yīng);在混合暴露的情況下,污染物間也會(huì)存在相互作用,影響各自的環(huán)境行為或進(jìn)入人體的量,進(jìn)而影響其健康效應(yīng)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 暴露組學(xué), 污染物, 生物標(biāo)志物, 健康, 綜述

Abstract:

Environmental pollution has become a prominent global problem, and the potential health hazards of pollutants have caused widespread concern. However, revealing the relationship between complex-pollutant exposure and disease development remains an immense challenge. The core of environmental-health research and risk assessment is the identification of contaminants and their effects. Exposomics provides a new approach in the study of the relationship between environmental factors and human health. Both “top-down” and “bottom-up” strategies are employed in exposomics research. The development of new technologies for chemical detection and “multi-omics” has greatly facilitated the implementation of these strategies. Exposomics focuses on the measurement of an individual’s lifelong exposure and aims to identify the health effects of such exposure. It involves the dynamic monitoring of external and internal exposure levels at different stages of life through traditional biomonitoring and exposomic methods. It also includes the identification of biomarkers, which indicate specific environmental exposures and the adverse effects of these exposures on health. Compared with traditional environmental-health studies, exposomics can more accurately reflect the diversity of exposure factors such as pollutants, natural factors, and lifestyles in the real environment, as well as the complexity of their in vivo processes and the responses they trigger in an organism. Powerful chemical analytical tools such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are widely used in studies related to the field of exposomics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been applied in the detection and analysis of environmental pollutants. Proteomics and metabolomics, as two important tools for biomarker identification and effects analysis, are widely used to explore the relationship between environmental factors and diseases. Pollutants can lead to pathological changes and even toxic effects by interacting with proteins. In the case of mixed exposure, some contaminants may present joint toxicity. The interaction between contaminants may change their environmental behavior or the amount of each contaminant that enters the human body, which, in turn, affects their health effects.

Key words: exposomics, pollutants, biomarker, health, review

中圖分類號(hào):

O658

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