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張弦結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器布置優(yōu)化方法

來(lái)源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2024年11月27日 18:06

張弦結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器布置優(yōu)化方法

doi: 10.13206/j.gjgS20032701

中冶建筑研究總院有限公司, 北京 100088

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡(jiǎn)介:

亓玉臺(tái),男,1995年出生,碩士研究生。Email:18810918594@163.com

計(jì)量文章訪問(wèn)數(shù): 290HTML全文瀏覽量: 32PDF下載量: 17被引次數(shù): 3

Optimization Method of Sensor Arrangement for Health Monitoring of String Structure

Central Research Institute of Building and Construction, MCC Group, Beijing 100088, China

摘要

摘要:傳感器布置方案設(shè)計(jì)是結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)中最為基礎(chǔ)性和關(guān)鍵性的環(huán)節(jié)，好的傳感器布置方案，既要滿足結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)的要求，盡可能地減小噪聲等誤差因素的影響來(lái)得到結(jié)構(gòu)的真實(shí)響應(yīng)，又要滿足現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境的要求，還需要盡可能地降低成本。
針對(duì)此問(wèn)題，提出了一種基于模態(tài)置信矩陣的傳感器優(yōu)化布置方法。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)振型矩陣，計(jì)算得到結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)置信度矩陣?；谀B(tài)可觀測(cè)原則，選取模態(tài)置信矩陣中非對(duì)角元最大值作為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，采用迭代的方法對(duì)傳感器的布置方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。具體操作步驟為：1）確定結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)所需要識(shí)別的模態(tài)數(shù)以及所需傳感器的數(shù)目，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境確定所有可采取的測(cè)點(diǎn)位置；2）選取一組初始傳感器測(cè)點(diǎn)布置。初始傳感器測(cè)點(diǎn)布置方案可根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定，初始傳感器個(gè)數(shù)應(yīng)略少于待識(shí)別模態(tài)數(shù)。計(jì)算該組測(cè)點(diǎn)所對(duì)應(yīng)的模態(tài)置信矩陣并記錄其對(duì)應(yīng)的最大非對(duì)角元的值；3）在剩余可選測(cè)點(diǎn)中選取一個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)增加到當(dāng)前測(cè)點(diǎn)布置方案中，計(jì)算新測(cè)點(diǎn)方案對(duì)應(yīng)的模態(tài)置信矩陣，同時(shí)記錄模態(tài)置信矩陣中的最大非對(duì)角元；4）更換所選取的待選測(cè)點(diǎn)，重復(fù)模態(tài)置信矩陣的計(jì)算步驟并記錄最大非對(duì)角元。重復(fù)此步驟直至所有待選測(cè)點(diǎn)都被計(jì)算過(guò)。對(duì)比所有備選測(cè)點(diǎn)所對(duì)應(yīng)的模態(tài)置信矩陣最大非大對(duì)角元，選擇最小的模態(tài)置信矩陣最大非對(duì)角元對(duì)應(yīng)的測(cè)點(diǎn)加入到當(dāng)前測(cè)點(diǎn)布置方案；5）重復(fù)3）、4）步驟，直至傳感器測(cè)點(diǎn)數(shù)及模態(tài)置信矩陣的最大非對(duì)角元滿足要求。對(duì)一些復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，模態(tài)置信矩陣最大非對(duì)角元小于0.25。
根據(jù)以上方法，以張弦梁結(jié)構(gòu)為例建立數(shù)值模型，并模擬實(shí)際工程環(huán)境，進(jìn)行了傳感器優(yōu)化布置的試算。經(jīng)試算，該方法的收斂性較好，計(jì)算可行性高；該方法可以有效降低傳感器布置的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本，降低誤差因素的影響，提高模態(tài)識(shí)別的有效性和準(zhǔn)確性。同時(shí)根據(jù)該算例的試算，提出建議：逐步累加法的迭代過(guò)程可分為快速下降段、平穩(wěn)階段和迭代末段三個(gè)階段，實(shí)際傳感器的布置方案宜在平穩(wěn)階段過(guò)程中選取，盡量避免采用迭代末段的結(jié)果。

Abstract:Sensor arrangement scheme design is the most basic and key link in structural health monitoring, a good sensor arrangement scheme not only meets the requirements of structural health monitoring, but also needs to reduce the cost as much as possible to get the true response of the structure by minimizing the influence of errors such as noise, etc. as well as the requirements of the field environment.
In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method of optimal sensor placement based on modal confidence matrix. According to the modal matrix of the structure, the modal confidence matrix of the structure is calculated. Based on the principle of modal observability, the maximum value of the non diagonal element in the modal confidence matrix is selected as the evaluation standard, and the sensor layout scheme is optimized by iterative method. The specific operation steps are as follows:1)Determine the number of modes needed to be identified and the number of sensors needed for structural health monitoring, and determine the positions of all available measuring points according to the site environment; 2)Select a group of initial sensor measuring point layout. The initial measurement point scheme can be determined according to experience, which is less than the number of modes to be identified. The modal confidence matrix corresponding to the group of measuring points is calculated and the corresponding value of the largest non diagonal element is recorded; 3)Select one of the remaining optional measurement points to add to the current measurement point layout scheme, calculate the modal confidence matrix corresponding to the new measurement point scheme, and record the largest non diagonal element in the modal confidence matrix; 4)Replace the selected measuring points, repeat the calculation steps of the modal confidence matrix and record the maximum non diagonal elements. Repeat this step until all the points to be selected have been calculated. Compared with the maximum value of the non large diagonal elements of the modal confidence matrix corresponding to all the alternative test points, the smallest maximum non diagonal elements of the modal confidence matrix corresponding to the test points are selected to add to the current test point layout scheme; 5)Repeat steps 3) and 4) until the sensor measurement points and the maximum non diagonal element of the modal confidence matrix meet the requirements. For some complex structures, the maximum non diagonal element of the modal confidence matrix is less than 0.25.
According to the above methods, this paper takes the beam string structure as an example to establish the numerical model, and simulates the actual engineering environment, and carries out the trial calculation of the optimal arrangement of sensors. After trial calculation, the convergence of this method is good and the feasibility of calculation is high; it can effectively reduce the economic cost of sensor arrangement, reduce the influence of error factors, and improve the effectiveness and accuracy of modal identification. And according to the trial calculation of the example, this paper proposes:the iterative process of the step-by-step accumulation method can be divided into three stages:fast descent stage, stable stage and iterative end stage. The actual sensor arrangement scheme should be selected in the stable stage process to avoid using the results of iterative end stage as much as possible.

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