good for還是good to?

學(xué)生問：有一次見到一本教輔書上講，像useful, important, necessary這些詞一樣，good之后用介詞to或for沒有區(qū)別，可以互換。請問老師，這樣說對嗎？　　

這種說法是不對的。因為good有不同的含義，所使用的介詞也不盡相同，而且to和for的意思也有差別。good在句中用作表語時，接for可表示“有益的；有效的；合適的；勝任的”，此外good for還有“付得起，價值是”之意。接to可表示“對......友善的，友好可親的”，偶爾也表示“對......益處”的意思。

下面，我們先看一個英語幽默故事：

A man was troubled by mice. They ran about all over his house at night. In the daytime, they just stayed under the floor.

The man thought, “What I need is a cat, a good cat that can catch mice.” He knew of a man who had cats for sale. So he went to see him. “Do you have a cat that is good for the mice?” he asked the man. “Well, yes. I do happen to have a cat that is good to the mice,” replied the man. “I’ll take it,” said the first man.

He paid for the cat and took it home. A week later, the cat didn’t catch any mice, but it played with them like old friends. So the man went back again with the cat under his arm. They had a quarrel because they both took the meaning of “good” as they needed.

上面的故事十分有趣。買貓人是想買一個good for mice的貓，然而，那個賣貓人有一個good to mice的貓，最后結(jié)果必然是一場quarrel。

下面，我們分析一下故事中的兩個關(guān)鍵句子：

“Do you have a cat that is good for the mice?”“你這兒有沒有善于捉鼠的貓？”

“I do happen to have a cat that is good to the mice.” “碰巧我還真有一只對老鼠不錯的貓。”

good表示“適合，有效，勝任”意思時，用be good for；good表示“仁慈，善良”意思時，用be good to。只有表示“對......有益處”時，兩者可以互換。試比較：

1.老太太對那些男孩子和藹可親。

The old lady is good to the boys.（正確）

The old lady is good for the boys.（錯誤）

2.這藥對該疾病有效果。

The medicine is good to the disease.（錯誤）

The medicine is good for the disease.（正確）

3.這條金鏈剛好與吉姆的手表相匹配。

The gold chain was just good to Jim's watch.（錯誤）

The gold chain was just good for Jim's watch.（正確）

4.約翰不適合這項工作。

John is not good to the job.（錯誤）

John is not good for the job.（正確）

5.體育運(yùn)動有益健康。

Athletic sports are good to your health. （正確）

Athletic sports are good for your health. （正確）

■下面，列舉一些含有g(shù)ood for和good to的句子，請比較：

Fresh air and exercise are good for the health.新鮮空氣和運(yùn)動有益于健康。

Whisky can be good for you if taken in moderation. 威士忌酒如飲用適度是有益的。

It's not a good film, but it's good for a laugh.這部電影并不好,但能引人發(fā)笑。

Smoking is not good for your health. 吸煙對你的健康沒有好處。

This book is good for beginners.這本書對初學(xué)者很有用。

A bowl of hot chicken soup will be good for you.喝一碗熱雞湯對你有好處。

Could job-hopping be good for your career?跳槽對你的職業(yè)生涯有益嗎?

Doing exercises in the open air is good for your health. 露天鍛煉身體有益你的健康。

Whisky is good for you if take in moderation.威士忌酒如飲用適度是有益的。

The weather looks good for our sports meet.天氣適宜我們舉行運(yùn)動會。

This medicine is good for your cough.這種藥對你的咳嗽很有效。

This soup is very good for stomach pain.這湯對胃疼很有幫助。

He is good for the rent, I am sure.我相信她付得起租金。

He is always regarded as good for nothing.他被認(rèn)為是個一事無成的人。

He bought a second hand bike good for 80 yuan.他買了一輛值80元的二手自行車。

Everything is good for something.天生一物必有用。

The teacher is good to all his students.那位老師對他的學(xué)生都很好。

You have been so good to me in the past.您過去一直對我非常好。

All the parents are good to their children.天下父母都對自己的子女很好。

The young should be good to the old.年輕人應(yīng)該孝順老人。

By and large, the company's been pretty good to me. 總的來說，公司對我一直很好。

The boss has always been very good to her.老板對她一直非常好。

Julie is very good to me. We often talk about you.朱利待我非常好，我們經(jīng)常在一起談到您。

My granny has always been good to me. 我外婆總是對我很好。

He was very good to me when I was ill. 我生病時他幫了我的大忙。

Keeping broadminded is good to your health.保持心胸開闊有利於身體健康。

We should be good to old people.我們應(yīng)該善待老人。(www.yygrammar.com)

She was grateful to him for being so good to her.她對他的友好相對十分感激。

She was very good to the children.她對孩子們非常慈愛。

Be good to me, for my hair went out of love for you.你要對我好啊。賣掉頭發(fā)是因為愛你呀。

We should be good to wild animals.我們應(yīng)該善待野生動物。

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