摘要： 背景 《"健康中國(guó)2030"規(guī)劃綱要》提出：健全覆蓋全國(guó)的健康素養(yǎng)和生活方式監(jiān)測(cè)體系，強(qiáng)化個(gè)人健康責(zé)任，提高居民自我健康管理能力和健康水平，提高全民健康素養(yǎng)水平?？茖W(xué)的健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具可以系統(tǒng)地了解居民健康素養(yǎng)水平并提供針對(duì)性的干預(yù)措施。我國(guó)的健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)研究起步較晚，現(xiàn)有健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具《中國(guó)公民健康素養(yǎng)-基本知識(shí)與技能（試行）》的評(píng)估內(nèi)容尚存在較大完善空間，因此研發(fā)有效、可靠的健康素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)工具至關(guān)重要。 目的 基于主動(dòng)健康視角，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外健康素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)工具相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行綜述。 方法 于2021年7月，以"Health Literacy" "Tool" "Evaluation" "Assessment" "Questionnaire" "Scale" "健康素養(yǎng)" "工具" "測(cè)評(píng)" "評(píng)價(jià)" "問(wèn)卷" "量表"等為中/英文關(guān)鍵詞，系統(tǒng)檢索PubMed、Web of Science、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)知識(shí)服務(wù)平臺(tái)、維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以獲取健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，檢索時(shí)限為1990-01-01至2021-06-30，對(duì)健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具的現(xiàn)狀及內(nèi)容進(jìn)行綜述。 結(jié)果 共篩選出47種健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具，包含27個(gè)客觀測(cè)評(píng)工具和20個(gè)主觀測(cè)評(píng)工具。研發(fā)和應(yīng)用最多的是美國(guó)（22個(gè)），其次是歐洲地區(qū)（13個(gè)）。語(yǔ)言方面，英語(yǔ)最多（25個(gè)），其次是葡萄牙語(yǔ)（5個(gè)）、意大利語(yǔ)（3個(gè)）、西班牙語(yǔ)（2個(gè)）。測(cè)評(píng)所需時(shí)間方面，成人醫(yī)學(xué)語(yǔ)言閱讀能力簡(jiǎn)化快速測(cè)試量表（REALM-SF）、單問(wèn)題健康素養(yǎng)篩查量表（SILS）用時(shí)最短（1 min），漢語(yǔ)健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)試量表（MHLS）用時(shí)最長(zhǎng)（25 min）。測(cè)評(píng)條目最少的是SILS（1條），最多的是完整版成人醫(yī)學(xué)語(yǔ)言閱讀能力測(cè)試量表（REALM）（125條）。客觀測(cè)評(píng)工具中被廣泛應(yīng)用的是成人醫(yī)學(xué)語(yǔ)言閱讀能力測(cè)試量表系列量表（REALM Family）與成人功能性健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)試量表系列量表（TOFHLA Family），主觀測(cè)評(píng)工具中被廣泛應(yīng)用的是歐洲健康素養(yǎng)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷（HLS-EU-Q）。測(cè)評(píng)內(nèi)容主要涉及閱讀理解、計(jì)算能力、信息獲取、信息應(yīng)用、信息交流、詞匯識(shí)別等方面。 結(jié)論 在健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具的研發(fā)和應(yīng)用中，歐美國(guó)家占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，客觀健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具數(shù)量居多，隨著健康素養(yǎng)的內(nèi)涵從單一的個(gè)人評(píng)價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閭€(gè)人與外部環(huán)境的綜合評(píng)價(jià)，我國(guó)健康素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)工具的研發(fā)提倡以健康素養(yǎng)內(nèi)涵深化和主動(dòng)健康理念為前提，全國(guó)建立統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指標(biāo)以定量或半定量指標(biāo)為主，開(kāi)發(fā)出涵蓋整個(gè)生命周期的適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的健康素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)工具，從而為提升居民健康素養(yǎng)提供科學(xué)、有效的支持。

關(guān)鍵詞: 健康素養(yǎng), 測(cè)評(píng)工具, 主動(dòng)健康, 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)

Abstract:

Background

The Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan points out improve the health literacy and lifestyle monitoring system covering the whole country, strengthen personal health responsibility, improve residents' self-health management ability and health level, in order to greatly improve the level of national health literacy. Scientific health literacy assessment tools can systematically understand the health literacy level of residents and provide targeted interventions. The health literacy assessment started late in China. The content of existing health literacy assessment tool should been improved, which is called Chinese Citizens' Health Literacy-Trial Implementation of Basic Knowledge and Skills (to try out), because it is definitely important to create an effective and reliable health literacy assessment tool.

Objective

Based on the perspective of active health, this paper reviews the relevant literature on health literacy assessment tools at home and abroad.

Methods

Chinese and foreign databases of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were systematically retrieved using keywords including "Health literacy" "Tool""Evaluation" "Assessment" "Questionnaire" "Scale". The related literature of health literacy assessment tools was obtained with the retrieval time from 1990-01-01 to 2021-06-30, and the current situation and contents of health literacy assessment tools were reviewed.

Results

A total of 47 health literacy assessment tools were screened, including 27 objective assessment tools and 20 subjective assessment tools. The most of research and development (R&D) and application is in the United States (22) , followed by Europe (13) . The number of English tools is the largest (25) , followed by Portuguese (5) , Italian (3) and Spanish (2) . The evaluation time of REALM-SF, SILS is the shortest (1 minute) , and the longest for MHLS (25 minutes) . The least item is in SILS (1 item) , and REALM (125 items) has the most evaluated items. The most widely used evaluation tools are the REALM series scale and TOFHLA series scale in objective evaluation tools, and the HLS-EU-Q series scale in subjective evaluation tools. The evaluation mainly content involves vocabulary recognition, information acquisition, computing ability, reading comprehension, information exchange, information application and so on.

Conclusion

The development and application of health literacy assessment tools are dominated by European and American countries, and the number of objective health literacy assessment tools is in the majority. As the change of the connotation of health literacy from a single personal assessment to a comprehensive assessment of individuals and external environment, the R&D of health literacy assessment tools in China should be based on the establishment of unified standards across the country on the premise of deepening the connotation of health literacy and the concept of active health, the indicators should mainly be quantitative or semi quantitative indicators. A health literacy assessment tool suitable for China's national conditions covering the whole life cycle should be developed to provide scientific and effective support for improving the health literacy level of residents.

Key words: Health literacy, Assessment tools, Active health, Systematic reviews

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