QQ客服官方微博反饋留言 運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)社區(qū)老年人心理健康的影響 其他題名The influence of exercise on the mental health of the elderly in community 王薇 2019-05 摘要

21世紀(jì)我國面臨著嚴(yán)峻的人口老齡化挑戰(zhàn)。老齡人口急劇增長帶來的諸多問題都將對(duì)老年人的生理和心理健康產(chǎn)生影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)與老年心理健康之間或存在積極關(guān)系，但涉及不同運(yùn)動(dòng)水平、不同運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)老人間心理健康差異的研究目前較為缺乏，函待補(bǔ)充。同時(shí)己有證據(jù)顯示，運(yùn)動(dòng)作為非藥物干預(yù)手段中的一支潛力股，能夠?qū)夏耆说纳眢w水平和認(rèn)知功能產(chǎn)生積極影響，但對(duì)于老年人情緒情感、心理健康的影響目前尚未有充分證據(jù)，大多聚焦于對(duì)臨床人群的干預(yù)中，缺少對(duì)于健康社區(qū)老年人進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)觀察心理健康變化的研究，且己有研究工具、測量及評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)相對(duì)單一，缺乏對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)心理健康的影響作用的全面考察與探討。

本研究通過兩個(gè)研究、不同角度考察了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于老年人心理健康的作用。研究一考察運(yùn)動(dòng)與老年人幸福感指數(shù)、生活滿意度及抑郁情緒之間的關(guān)系，采用橫斷研究設(shè)計(jì)，比較不同運(yùn)動(dòng)水平(高vs低)、不同運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)(總運(yùn)動(dòng)年限)的老人心理健康指標(biāo)得分上的差異。研究一發(fā)現(xiàn)，日常運(yùn)動(dòng)水平較高的老人在生活滿意度、幸福感指數(shù)及總體情感分?jǐn)?shù)表現(xiàn)上均優(yōu)于低運(yùn)動(dòng)水平老人，即調(diào)查對(duì)象的總體運(yùn)動(dòng)水平越高，其生活滿意度、幸福感指數(shù)和總體情感分?jǐn)?shù)也越高。同時(shí)，有運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)老人的總運(yùn)動(dòng)年限與抑郁情緒得分之間存在顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系，與幸福感指數(shù)等三個(gè)指標(biāo)得分之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系，說明調(diào)查對(duì)象的總運(yùn)動(dòng)年限越長，其抑郁情緒得分越低，幸福感指數(shù)相應(yīng)越高。但這一相關(guān)在對(duì)混淆變量年齡、受教育年限和認(rèn)知水平進(jìn)行控制后并不顯著。

研究二采用隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT)設(shè)計(jì)，考察短期運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)對(duì)老年人抑郁、焦慮情緒、老化態(tài)度和社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)得分產(chǎn)生的影響，以及基線持不同老化態(tài)度及社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)水平老人在干預(yù)前后的心理健康相關(guān)指標(biāo)的增益差異。研究二發(fā)現(xiàn)，與對(duì)照組相比，廣場舞組和拉伸組在干預(yù)后運(yùn)動(dòng)水平有顯著提升，但抑郁、焦慮及社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)得分上前后未有顯著差異。組內(nèi)比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，拉伸組在干預(yù)后老化態(tài)度得分有顯著提高、趨向積極;且老化態(tài)度前后得分的變化與其體力活動(dòng)水平的變化之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系。其次，對(duì)持不同社會(huì)支持水平、老化態(tài)度老人運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)的情緒增益差異進(jìn)行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，基線時(shí)老化態(tài)度高得分老人和低得分老人在干預(yù)前后焦慮情緒的變化上存在差異，說明相較于低分組，那些擁有更加積極、樂觀老化態(tài)度的高分組老人焦慮情緒在干預(yù)后有顯著降低，提示不同老人的性格和態(tài)度特征可能影響其在運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)中的獲益效果。研究二同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了干預(yù)后廣場舞組老人的有氧能力(6MWT距離)與拉伸組相比顯著的增強(qiáng)，兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)組的體力活動(dòng)水平(PASE量表得分)較干預(yù)前也均有顯著提高，說明干預(yù)本身作為兩種身體鍛煉活動(dòng)，也給被試的運(yùn)動(dòng)水平帶來了不同程度的提升。

關(guān)鍵詞運(yùn)動(dòng) 老年人 心理健康 拉伸 RCT干預(yù) 學(xué)位類型碩士 語種中文 學(xué)位名稱理學(xué)碩士 學(xué)位專業(yè)認(rèn)知發(fā)展教育心理學(xué) 學(xué)位授予單位中國科學(xué)院大學(xué) 學(xué)位授予地點(diǎn)中國科學(xué)院心理研究所 目錄

The aging of population is a global problem in the 21st century. The situation facing our country is particularly grim. Many problems caused by the rapid growth of the elderly population will have an impact on the physical and mental health of the elderly. The study found that there was a positive relationship between physical activity and mental health in the elderly, but the research on the mental health differences among the elderly with different levels of physical activity and different exercise experiences is relatively lacking at present, which needs to be supplemented urgently. Previous studies have shown that exercise, as a potential component of non-drug interventions, can positively affect physical levels and cognitive function in the elderly. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the influence of emotional and mental health of the elderly, and most of them focus on the intervention of clinical population, lacking of studies on the exercise intervention of the elderly in healthy communities to observe the changes of mental health. Moreover, the existing research tools, measurement and evaluation indicators are relatively single, lacking of comprehensive investigation and discussion on the effect of exercise on mental health.

This study examines the effects of exercise on mental health in the elderly from two different perspectives.

Study 1 examined the relationship between exercise and well-being index, life satisfaction and depression in the elderly. Cross一sectional study design was used to compare the mental health index scores of the elderly with different levels of exercise (high vs. low) and different years of exercise experience (total years of exercise). In study 1，it was found that the elderly with higher daily exercise level had better performance in life satisfaction, well-being index and overall emotional score than those with lower exercise level. That is to say, the higher the overall exercise level of the respondents, the higher their life satisfaction, well-being index and overall emotional score. At the same time, there was a significant negative correlation between the total years of exercise of the elderly with sports experience and the score of depression, and a positive correlation between the total years of exercise and the score of well-being index and other three indicators, indicating that the longer the total years of exercise of the respondents, the lower the score of depression and the higher the well-being index. However, this correlation was not significant after controlling for confounding variables such as age, years of education and cognitive level.

Study 2 used a randomized controlled trial design to investigate the effects of short-term exercise intervention on depression, anxiety, aging attitude and social network scores in the elderly, as well as the differences in the gain of mental health related indicators in the elderly with different baseline aging attitudes and social network levels before and after the intervention. The study 2 found that compared with the control group, the exercise level of the square dance group and the stretching group increased significantly after the intervention, but there was no significant difference in the scores of depression, anxiety and social network before and after the intervention.

After the intervention, the aging attitude score of the stretching group was significantly increased and tended to be positive. Also there was a positive correlation between the change of attitude before and after aging and the change of physical activity level. Secondly, it was found that there were differences in the changes of anxiety before and after the intervention between the elderly with high scores of aging attitudes and those with low scores at baseline, suggesting that the personality and attitude characteristics of different elderly people may affect the benefits of exercise intervention. The study also found that the intervention itself, as two kinds of physical exercise activities, also brought varying degrees of improvement to the exercise level of the subjects.

文獻(xiàn)類型學(xué)位論文 條目標(biāo)識(shí)符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/29298 專題認(rèn)知與發(fā)展心理學(xué)研究室
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GB/T 7714 王薇. 運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)社區(qū)老年人心理健康的影響[D]. 中國科學(xué)院心理研究所. 中國科學(xué)院大學(xué),2019. 條目包含的文件 文件名稱/大小 文獻(xiàn)類型 版本類型 開放類型 使用許可 王薇-碩士學(xué)位論文.pdf（4235KB）學(xué)位論文 限制開放CC BY-NC-SA請(qǐng)求全文 個(gè)性服務(wù)推薦該條目保存到收藏夾查看訪問統(tǒng)計(jì)導(dǎo)出為Endnote文件谷歌學(xué)術(shù)谷歌學(xué)術(shù)中相似的文章[王薇]的文章百度學(xué)術(shù)百度學(xué)術(shù)中相似的文章[王薇]的文章必應(yīng)學(xué)術(shù)必應(yīng)學(xué)術(shù)中相似的文章[王薇]的文章相關(guān)權(quán)益政策暫無數(shù)據(jù)收藏/分享

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