CONTEXT Authors of extensive research have exposed health care disparities regarding socioeconomic status (SES) and race and ethnicity demographics. Previous researchers have shown significant differences in access to athletic training services (athletic trainer [AT] access) in the secondary school setting based on SES, but with limited samples. OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in AT access based on race and ethnicity and SES on a national scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Database study using secondary analysis. Data were collected from the National Center for Education Statistics, Athletic Training Location and Services database, and US Census Bureau. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 10?983 public schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Descriptive data were summarized by measures of central tendency. A 1-way analysis of variance determined differences between school characteristics (median household income, percentage of students eligible for free and reduced lunch, percentage of White students, and percentage of non-White students) based on AT access: full-time (FT-AT), part-time (PT-AT), and no AT (no-AT). A Bonferroni pairwise comparison was used for variables with significant main effects. RESULTS Across all schools included in the study, 43.8% had no-AT (n = 4812), 23.5% had PT-AT access (n = 2581), and 32.7% had FT-AT access (n = 3590). Significant effects were found between AT access and median household income (P < .001), the percentage of students eligible for free and reduced lunch (P < .001), the percentage of White students (P < .001), and the percentage of non-White students (P < .001). Schools with FT-AT access had a higher SES than PT-AT and no-AT schools. Significant differences existed between AT access groups and the race and ethnicity of schools. Schools with FT-AT access had a significantly lower percentage of non-White students (31.3%) than schools with no-AT (46.0%; P < .001). No significant differences between FT-AT and PT-AT access based on race and ethnicity demographics presented (P ≥ .13). CONCLUSIONS Schools with higher SES had greater AT access, whereas schools with a higher percentage of non-White students were more likely to have no AT access, demonstrating the disparities in health care extends to athletic health care as well. To increase AT access, future initiatives should address the inequities where larger minority populations and counties of lower SES exist.

中文翻譯：

美國(guó)中學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)教練機(jī)會(huì)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位與種族和民族之間的關(guān)系。

背景 廣泛研究的作者揭示了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位 （SES） 與種族和民族人口統(tǒng)計(jì)方面的醫(yī)療保健差異。以前的研究人員已經(jīng)表明，基于 SES 的中學(xué)環(huán)境中獲得運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練服務(wù)（運(yùn)動(dòng)教練 [AT] 訪問權(quán)限）存在顯著差異，但樣本有限。目的 調(diào)查全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)基于種族和民族以及 SES 的 AT 訪問差異。設(shè)計(jì) 橫斷面研究。SETTING 使用二次分析的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究。數(shù)據(jù)來自國(guó)家教育統(tǒng)計(jì)中心、運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練地點(diǎn)和服務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及美國(guó)人口普查局?；颊呋蚱渌麉⑴c者 共 10 983 所公立學(xué)校。主要結(jié)局指標(biāo) 描述性數(shù)據(jù)按中樞傾向測(cè)量進(jìn)行總結(jié)。單因子方差分析根據(jù) AT 訪問確定了學(xué)校特征（家庭收入中位數(shù)、有資格獲得免費(fèi)和減價(jià)午餐的學(xué)生百分比、白人學(xué)生百分比和非白人學(xué)生百分比）之間的差異：全日制 （FT-AT）、兼職 （PT-AT） 和無 AT （no-AT）。Bonferroni 成對(duì)比較用于具有顯著主效應(yīng)的變量。結(jié)果在研究包括的所有學(xué)校中，43.8% 沒有 AT （n = 4812），23.5% 有 PT-AT 訪問 （n = 2581），32.7% 有 FT-AT 訪問 （n = 3590）。發(fā)現(xiàn) AT 訪問與家庭收入中位數(shù) （P < .001）、有資格獲得免費(fèi)和減價(jià)午餐的學(xué)生百分比 （P < .001）、白人學(xué)生百分比 （P < .001） 和非白人學(xué)生百分比 （P < .001） 之間存在顯著影響。具有 FT-AT 訪問權(quán)限的學(xué)校的 SES 高于 PT-AT 和無 AT 的學(xué)校。 AT 訪問組與學(xué)校的種族和民族之間存在顯著差異。擁有 FT-AT 訪問權(quán)限的學(xué)校的非白人學(xué)生百分比 （31.3%） 明顯低于沒有 AT 的學(xué)校 （46.0%;P < .001）.基于所呈現(xiàn)的種族和民族人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，F(xiàn)T-AT 和 PT-AT 訪問之間沒有顯著差異 （P ≥ .13）。結(jié)論 SES 較高的學(xué)校具有更多的 AT 訪問權(quán)限，而非白人學(xué)生比例較高的學(xué)校更有可能沒有 AT 訪問權(quán)限，這表明醫(yī)療保健方面的差異也延伸到運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)療保健。為了增加 AT 的可及性，未來的舉措應(yīng)解決存在大量少數(shù)族裔人口和 SES 較低縣的不平等現(xiàn)象。

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網(wǎng)址: Relationship Between Athletic Trainer Access, Socioeconomic Status, and Race and Ethnicity in United States Secondary Schools.,Journal of Athletic Training http://m.u1s5d6.cn/newsview1291880.html