首頁資訊中國科學院機構知識庫網格系統(tǒng): 蘭州市高一學生體重控制行為調查及不健康體重控制行為的干預研究

中國科學院機構知識庫網格系統(tǒng): 蘭州市高一學生體重控制行為調查及不健康體重控制行為的干預研究

來源：泰然健康網時間：2024年12月28日 19:46

CAS IR Grid 心理研究所中國科學院心理研究所認知與發(fā)展心理學研究室蘭州市高一學生體重控制行為調查及不健康體重控制行為的干預研究

文獻類型：學位論文

Author范志濤 Issued Date2021-01 Subtype碩士 Degree Grantor中國科學院心理研究所 Place of Degree Grantor中國科學院心理研究所 Other responsible王葵 Keyword青少年體重控制行為體重預防干預課程 Degree Name理學碩士（同等學力碩士） Degree Discipline發(fā)展與教育心理學 Alternative TitleInvestigation on the weight control behaviors of first-year high school students in Lanzhou city and the intervention of unhealthy weight control behaviors AbstractMany teenagers are actively taking measures to control their weight. Some measures are healthy while others may have detrimental effect to their health..However, the weight control behaviors of teenagers have not raised public concern in the mainland China. This is probably due to the lack of tools to assess the weight control behaviors. Accordingly, the primary aim of this study was to develop the Weight Control Behavior Scale for Youth and Adolescents (WCBSYA) and evaluate its reliability and validity (Study 1). Tthe association between adoption of weight control behaviors and actual/perceived weight status was also investigated. The second aim of this study was to develop the school-based "Healthy Youth and Adolescent" program targeting the unhealthy weight control behaviors and to evaluate the effectiveness of this program among first-year high school students in Lanzhou city (Study 2).In Study 1, the items of the WCBSYA were generated by extensive literature review. The content and wordings of these items were then reviewed by experts and some wordings were changed accordingly to the feedback of the experts. To evaluate the psychological features of WCBSYA, it was tested among 1038 first-year high school students in Lanzhou city. The validity was evaluated by its association with Body Anxiety Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The internal consistency coefficient was 0.77 and 0.67 for the healthy and unhealthy weight control behavior subscale of WCBSYA respectively, and the test-restest reliabilty over a one-month interval was 0.62 for the healthy weight control behavior subsclale and 0.56 for the unhealthy weight control behavior subscale. Scores of unhealthy weight control behaviors were closely related to body image dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, self-esteem and negative affects, supporting the validity of this tool. It was found that 21.63% of boys and 9.79% of girls were actually overweight, while 52.83% of girls perceived themselves as overweight. In addition, 76.15% of girls and 70.62% of boys adopted weight control behaviors. Participants who considered themselves overweight were more likely to adopt unhealthy weight control behaviors than those who considered themselves not overweight.The "Healthy Youth and Adolescents" program developed in study 2 included three topics: "Cheer for Yourself," "The True Meaning of Fat and Thin" and "Healthy Living."Each topic lasted 40 minutes, containing both psychoeducation materials distributed by the teacher and student activities. In order to evaluate the intervention effectiveness of the program, it was applied to 499 first-grade students in a high school in Lanzhou. The control group was 497 first -grade high school students in another school in the same City. Students in the experimental group attended three 40-minute intervention classes, once per week, while those in the control group attended a weekly mental health class assigned by the school. All participants completed baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up questionnaires. After controlling for baseline score, unhealthy weight control behaviors decreased in the experimental group after intervention. More interestingly, some related psychological measures, such as body shape satisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and emotional state, also showed desirable changes in the experimental group when compared to the control group. Importantly, the intervention effects could still be observed after three months. Majority of the students in the experimental group considered the program inspiring and very helpful..To summerize, the WCBSYA developed in this study have good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the weight control behaviors of youth and adolescents in China. Weight control behaviors may be very common among teenagers. The weight control behaviors are more associated with perceived weight perception bias than actual weight status, which calls for public concern. The school-based "Healthy Youth and Adolescents" program developed in this study was effective for preventing unhealthy weight control behaviors. English Abstract不少青少年都在積極控制體重，一些方法是對健康有益的，而另一些方法可能會有損健康。即便如此，青少年體重控制行為在我國尚未引起充分關注。研究青少年體重控制行為的一個瓶頸是缺乏有效的測量工具。為此，本研究首要目的是編制一個適合于我國13-19歲中學生的《青少年體重控制行為量表》，并對其信效度進行檢驗（研究一）。研究一還考察了蘭州市高一學生體重控制行為采用狀況，并考察其與學生現(xiàn)實的和感知到的體重狀態(tài)之間的關聯(lián)。本研究的第二個目的是在借鑒國外一些干預項目的基礎上，開發(fā)針對我國青少年不健康體重控制行為的“健康青少年”課程，并在高一學生中考察課程對不健康體重控制行為的干預效果（研究二）。研究一在廣泛查閱中英文文獻的基礎上生成《青少年體重控制行為量表》的具體條目，并專家討論細化。校標工具采用體像憂慮問卷、進食障礙癥狀自評量表、羅森伯格自尊問卷和和抑郁、焦慮和壓力問卷。在蘭州市抽取1038名高一學生進行施測，結果表明《青少年體重控制行為量表》中健康體重控制行為分量表的內部一致性系數(shù)為0.77，一個月之后的重測信度為0.62；不健康體重控制行為分量表內部一致性系數(shù)為0.67，一個月之后的重測信度為0.56。不健康體重控制行為與體像憂慮、進食障礙癥狀、自尊及負性情緒等心理指標有著密切的關系。所調查的蘭州市高中學生中實際超重的男女生比例分別為為21.63%和9.79%，與之形成鮮明的對比，高達52.83%的女生自認為超重。這批被試中有76.15%的女生和70.62%的男生采用體重控制行為，自認為超重的被試比自認為不超重的被試更可能采用不健康體重控制行為。研究二中開發(fā)的預防和干預不健康體重控制行為的“健康青少年”課程包括三個主題，分別是“為自己喝彩”、“胖瘦的真諦”和“健康的生活”。每個主題采用教師授課和學生活動的形式，時間為40分鐘。為了檢測課程的效果，2019年9月-10月，在蘭州市西固區(qū)兩所水平相當?shù)牡钠胀ǜ咧羞M行實驗，其中一所學校的高一學生為實驗組（n = 499），另一所學校的高一學生為對照組（n = 497）。實驗組學生參加了三次40分鐘的干預課程，對照組則照常上學校統(tǒng)一安排的心理健康課。所有被試完成基線、干預后和3個月隨訪問卷。結果表明在控制基線測量指標的情況下，實驗組在干預后不健康體重控制行為減少，且其它相關指標，如體型滿意程度、進食障礙癥狀和情緒狀態(tài)等都有積極的變化。重要的是，實驗效果在課程結束后的三個月依然存在。對反饋問卷的統(tǒng)計顯示，大部分參與了課程的學生認為本課程對他們很有幫助。本研究的結論為主要有以下三點。首先，本研究開發(fā)的《青少年體重控制行為量表》有較好的信效度，能夠用于考察國內青少年體重控制行為的現(xiàn)狀。其次，蘭州市高一學生采用體重控制行為非常普遍，其這種狀況與體重認知的偏差有關，值得教育部門和心理健康主管部分的重視。第三，青少年的不健康體重控制行為需從心理層面進行預防和干預，而本研究發(fā)展出來的基于學校的“健康青少年”課程對這類行為有效。 Language中文 源URL[http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41689]