摘要： 以往對(duì)老年人健康水平及其不平等現(xiàn)象的研究多從個(gè)體社會(huì)地位、關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的角度展開,較少關(guān)注外在于個(gè)體的宏觀社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)資源因素可能引發(fā)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與潛在的健康不平等問題。本文利用clds2014年的數(shù)據(jù)擬合多層次模型,考察個(gè)人社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位、社區(qū)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和社會(huì)資本對(duì)老年人健康水平與不平等現(xiàn)象的影響機(jī)制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):不同社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征的老年人在健康水平上存在明顯的差異;社區(qū)特征對(duì)老年人健康水平存在著獨(dú)立于個(gè)人因素的整體性影響,并對(duì)老年人健康不平等現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生弱化與強(qiáng)化兩種調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。(1)社區(qū)階層異質(zhì)性的分化程度會(huì)影響健康水平。其中,社區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位會(huì)弱化健康不平等,而社區(qū)內(nèi)部階層異質(zhì)性則會(huì)強(qiáng)化健康不平等。(2)社區(qū)社會(huì)資本的培育能夠顯著提升老年人的健康水平并弱化健康不平等。因此,健康中國(guó)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施要著眼于中國(guó)的健康分層現(xiàn)象,采取社區(qū)層面的健康干預(yù),盡可能地增加弱勢(shì)群體的健康資本。

關(guān)鍵詞: 社區(qū)階層異質(zhì)性, 社區(qū)社會(huì)資本, 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位, 健康不平等

Abstract: Previous research on the health status and inequality among older adults has often focused on individual social status and relational networks, while paying less attention to the potential health risks and disparities stemming from macro-level social structures and social resource factors external to the individual. This study utilizes data from the CLDS2014 to fit a multilevel model to investigate the influence mechanism of individual socioeconomi. The research findings indicate that older adults with different socioeconomic characteristics exhibit significant disparities in health status. Community characteristics exert a holistic influence on the health status of older adults independent of individual factors and give rise to two types of regulatory mechanisms that either weaken or strengthen health inequalities among older adults. (1) The degree of community class heterogeneity will affect the health level. The community socioeconomic status will weaken the health inequality, and the class heterogeneity within the community will strengthen the health inequality.(2) Cultivating community social capital significantly enhances the health status of older adults and mitigates health inequalities. Therefore, the implementation of the Healthy China strategy should focus on the hierarchical health disparities in China, adopt health interventions at the community level, and endeavor to increase the health capital of vulnerable groups as much as possible.

Key words: community class heterogeneity, community social capital, socioeconomic status, health inequality

中圖分類號(hào): 

C913.6

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