近日，廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)環(huán)境健康與污染控制研究院、環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院安太成教授團(tuán)隊(duì)在廣州市典型住宅區(qū)域生物氣溶膠的分布特征及其室內(nèi)凈化方面取得最新研究進(jìn)展，研究成果以《Indoor/Outdoor airborne microbiome characteristics in residential areas across four seasons and its indoor purification》(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108857)為題，于近期發(fā)表在Environment  International (2024, 190: 108857)期刊上。論文的第一作者為碩士生陳鈺瑩，通訊作者為李桂英教授。該研究分析了廣州市典型住宅區(qū)域室內(nèi)外生物氣溶膠的污染特征及季節(jié)分布特征，探索了室內(nèi)生物氣溶膠的來源及其存在的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上評估了市售商業(yè)化空氣凈化器對室內(nèi)生物氣溶膠的削減效果。本研究可以為室內(nèi)微生物氣溶膠的污染控制和居住環(huán)境的改善提供重要的數(shù)據(jù)支撐。

文章鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108857

生物氣溶膠主要包括病毒、細(xì)菌、霉菌孢子、致敏花粉等，這些細(xì)小的生物粒子能長時(shí)間懸浮在空氣中，極易造成健康危害。而人們大部分時(shí)間都在室內(nèi)度過，室內(nèi)環(huán)境更容易聚集生物氣溶膠，長期吸入或接觸生物氣溶膠可能引起人呼吸道疾病或過敏反應(yīng)。因此本項(xiàng)研究主要選取廣州市六處住宅進(jìn)行為期一年的采樣工作，旨在研究典型住宅區(qū)域室內(nèi)和室外生物氣溶膠的污染分布、影響因素、健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及空氣凈化器對室內(nèi)生物氣溶膠的削減影響。結(jié)果表明：住宅區(qū)域生物氣溶膠粒徑主要是可吸入尺寸(< 4.7 μm)，季節(jié)之間差異較小(74.61%±2.17%)；微生物群落多樣性表現(xiàn)出明顯的季節(jié)差異，夏季豐度較高，但市區(qū)內(nèi)地域差異卻不明顯，而細(xì)菌比真菌更豐富。群落組成分析發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)和室外環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢菌群比較相似，其中Anoxybacillu, Brevibacillus和 Acinetobacter是優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌屬，Cladosporium, Penicillium 和 Alternaria是優(yōu)勢真菌屬。利用熱圖分析發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣微生物組對溫度和顆粒物 (PM2.5、PM10) 濃度更為敏感?；谒孤≈行匀郝淠Ｐ头治?，與真菌相比，發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)菌更容易發(fā)生隨機(jī)擴(kuò)散，空氣微生物組在每個(gè)季節(jié)的室內(nèi)和室外環(huán)境以及兩種環(huán)境之間均可以隨機(jī)分布，而室內(nèi)生物氣溶膠可能主要來源于室外。健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估結(jié)果表明：室內(nèi)吸入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于室外吸入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。空氣凈化器對1.1 ~ 4.7 μm粒徑段上的微生物的去除效果較好，對革蘭氏陰性菌的去除效果優(yōu)于革蘭氏陽性菌。本研究取得的結(jié)果對居民室內(nèi)生物氣溶膠暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估和污染控制具有非常重要的意義。

圖文摘要：

英文摘要：

Bioaerosols are more likely to accumulate in the residential environment, and long-term inhalation may lead to a variety of diseases and allergies. Here, we studied the distribution, influencing factors and diffusion characteristics of indoor and outdoor microbiota pollution in six residential buildings in Guangzhou, southern China over a period of one year. The results showed that the particle sizes of bioaerosol were mainly in the range of inhalable particle size (<4.7 μm) with a small difference among four seasons (74.61 % ± 2.17 %). The microbial communities showed obvious seasonal differences with high abundance in summer, but no obvious geographical differences. Among them, the bacteria were more abundant than the fungi. The dominant microbes in indoor and outdoor environments were similar, with Anoxybacillu, Brevibacillus and Acinetobacter as the dominant bacteria, and Cladosporium, Penicillium and Alternaria as the dominant fungi. The airborne microbiomes were more sensitive to temperature and particulate matter (PM2.5 , PM10) concentrations. Based on the Sloan neutral model, bacteria were more prone to random diffusion than fungi, and the airborne microbiome can be randomly distributed in indoor and outdoor environments and between the two environments in each season. Bioaerosol in indoor was mainly from outdoor. The health risk evaluation showed that the indoor inhalation risks were higher than those outdoor. The air purifier had a better removal efficiency on 1.1–4.7μm microorganisms, and the removal efficiency on Gram-negative bacteria was better than that on Gram-positive bacteria. This study is of great significance for the risk assessment and control of residential indoor bioaerosol exposure.

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