首頁資訊社會(huì)分層與健康不平等的性別差異:基于生命歷程的縱向分析

社會(huì)分層與健康不平等的性別差異:基于生命歷程的縱向分析

來源：泰然健康網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2024年12月18日 08:08

摘要：

本研究考察在社會(huì)分層與性別分層的交互作用下，生命歷程中的兩個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性理論——“累積優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì)理論”和“年齡中和效應(yīng)理論”，哪一個(gè)更能解釋中國男性和女性所經(jīng)歷的健康不平等。本研究利用“中國健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查”（CHNS）追蹤數(shù)據(jù)和成長曲線模型發(fā)現(xiàn)，性別對(duì)社會(huì)分層導(dǎo)致的健康不平等及其發(fā)展有獨(dú)特的影響。與男性相比，女性在各個(gè)年齡階段都處于健康劣勢(shì)，這一劣勢(shì)是因?yàn)榕詮慕逃褪杖胨@得的健康回報(bào)比男性低。此外，女性之間因?yàn)榻逃褪杖雽?dǎo)致的健康不平等程度隨年齡的增長而縮小，男性之間的健康不平等程度并不隨年齡的增長而改變，因此，本研究不支持健康不平等的“累積優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì)假說”，而是在女性群體中支持“年齡中和效應(yīng)理論”。

關(guān)鍵詞: 累積優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì), 年齡中和效應(yīng), 性別分層, 生命歷程, 社會(huì)分層, 健康不平等

Abstract:

This paper is a longitudinal study of the relationship between gender,SES and health among Chinese men and women. The study draws its data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) over a period of sixteen years and applies the growth curve model analysis in an attempt to address two concerns:Are there any gender differences in health dividend returns due to education and income? Does the SES-health gradient among men and women diverge or converge with aging? We attempt to test two competing theoretical propositions of life course health stratification in a gendered Chinese society:cumulative advantage/disadvantage vs. age-as-leveler. Results show that the SES-health gradient is smaller in China than in the West. Chinese women experience significantly poorer health than Chinese men at all age groups. This disparity can be explained solely by the low health returns received by women from education and income. Although as a whole,the Chinese gain less health reruns from education and income than their Western counterparts,Chinese men benefit more in health returns than Chinese women from their education and income. The study finds that the SES-health gradient for men stays consistent throughout life course while for women it converges with aging,a conclusion that supports the age-as-leveler hypothesis. In addition,we explore the effects of the customary unhealthy lifestyle of Chinese intellectuals as well as the impact of the rapidly changing Chinese society on gender inequality in health.

Key words: gender differences in health, life course perspective, health disparity, cumulative advantage and disadvantage, SES health gradients, age-as-leveler